Topic
Projectile
About: Projectile is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13047 publications have been published within this topic receiving 115563 citations.
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TL;DR: To study ballistic brain injury biomechanics, two common civilian full metal jacket handgun projectiles (25-caliber and 9-mm) were discharged into a transparent brain simulant (Sylgard gel) and quantified data may assist in understanding injury biomechronics and management of penetration brain trauma.
Abstract: To study ballistic brain injury biomechanics, two common civilian full metal jacket handgun projectiles (25-caliber and 9-mm) were discharged into a transparent brain simulant (Sylgard gel). Five pressure transducers were placed at the entry (two), exit (two) and center (one) of the simulant. High-speed digital video photography (20,000 frames/second) was used to capture the temporal cavity pulsation. Pressure histories and high-speed video images were synchronized with a common trigger. Pressure data were sampled at 308 kHz. The 25-caliber projectile had an entry velocity of 238 m/s and exit velocity of 170 m/s. The 9-mm projectile had an entry velocity of 379 m/s and exit velocity of 259 m/s. Kinetic energies lost during penetration were 45.2 J for the 25-caliber projectile and 283.7 J for the 9-mm. Size of temporary cavities and pressures were dependent on projectile size and velocity. The 9-mm projectile created temporary cavities 1.5 times larger in size and lasted 1.5 times longer than the 25-calibe...
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a typical launching experiment is performed with the presence of free surface and a numerical approach is established by using large eddy simulation and volume-of-fluid methods.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the velocity of sound in sand has been measured under the conditions of inelastic and elastic impact, respectively, where the flow process is regarded as Newtonian.
Abstract: Additional data are reported that confirm a theory presented in a previous paper for the penetration of a stable flat‐nosed projectile in sand. The negative acceleration of the projectile can be expressed by the relations: −dv/dt=αv2, v0>v>vc; −dv/dt=βv2+γ, vc>v>0 where the coefficients α, β, γ are positive constants and v0 is the striking velocity. In the case where air is removed from the sand and the sand is loaded transverse to the trajectory by one atmosphere pressure, the coefficients α and β are characteristic of inelastic and elastic impact, respectively, where the flow process is regarded as Newtonian. An additional experiment has been performed where quartz powder produced by impact is plotted as a function of initial projectile energy. Although the powder production curve can be represented roughly as a straight line through the origin, there are small discontinuities in slope corresponding to the critical velocity v=vc. The velocity of sound in sand has been measured under the conditions of th...
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the evolution of unsteady cavitation around the shoulder and tail of a rigid projectile when it is vertically launched and demonstrated that the coupling effect between vibration deformation and collapse pressure is significant to enlarge the vibration amplitude.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an irrotational isochoric velocity field is considered that consists of three parts, each of which together satisfy the condition of impenetrability at the projectile's surface.
48 citations