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Prolactin

About: Prolactin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22356 publications have been published within this topic receiving 609537 citations. The topic is also known as: lactotropin, & PRL,.


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Journal ArticleDOI
25 May 1974-BMJ
TL;DR: Bromocriptine appears to be the treatment of choice for inappropriate lactation in association with hypogonadism on a long-term basis and low prolactin levels allow resumption of normal gonadal function.
Abstract: Seventeen women and four men with galactorrhoea and associated hypogonadism have been treated with bromocriptine for 2 to 28 months In 18 patients the gonadal status became normal as the galactorrhoea improved The gonadally unresponsive patients had either pituitary tumours or premature menopause Prolactin levels fell with treatment; withdrawal of the drug was associated with an increase in serum prolactin and a recurrence of the galactorrhoea and hypogonadism Two patients tried to become pregnant on treatment and both succeeded Raised prolactin levels appear to block the actions of the gonadotrophins at a gonadal level rather than prevent their synthesis or release; lowering prolactin secretion with bromocriptine allows resumption of normal gonadal function Bromocriptine appears to be the treatment of choice for inappropriate lactation in association with hypogonadism on a long-term basis

361 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The observation of internal sequence homologies within the pituitary growth hormone and prolactin and the placental lactogen molecules suggests that these polypeptide hormones may have evolved by genetic reduplication from a smaller common ancestral peptide.
Abstract: Human placental lactogen has been found to resemble human pituitary growth hormone very closely in amino acid sequence, about 80% of the residues examined being identical in the two molecules when a revised sequence for growth hormone is used as the basis for comparison. The structural features responsible for the differing biological potency of the two hormones may therefore reside in rather limited regions of primary structure. The observation of internal sequence homologies within the pituitary growth hormone and prolactin and the placental lactogen molecules suggests that these polypeptide hormones may have evolved by genetic reduplication from a smaller common ancestral peptide. This finding directs further attention to subfragments of these molecules as possible possessors of intrinsic somatotrophic and lactogenic activity.

358 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Dec 1986-Science
TL;DR: Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that GnRH expression was restored in the appropriate hypothalamic neurons of the transgenic hpg animals, an indication of neural-specific expression of the introduced gene.
Abstract: The hypogonadal (hpg) mouse lacks a complete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene and consequently cannot reproduce. Introduction of an intact GnRH gene into the genome of these mutant mice resulted in complete reversal of the hypogonadal phenotype. Transgenic hpg/hpg homozygotes of both sexes were capable of mating and producing offspring. Pituitary and serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin were restored to those of normal animals. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that GnRH expression was restored in the appropriate hypothalamic neurons of the transgenic hpg animals, an indication of neural-specific expression of the introduced gene.

356 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development of a double antibody radioimmunoassay for rat prolactin capable of measuring the amount of Prolactin in 100 μl of serum from immature female rats or in 25 μl from normal females during diestrus is described.
Abstract: The most commonly used method for measuring prolactin in biological samples has been the pigeon crop bioassay of Lyons (1). It is possible with this method to estimate the prolactin content of pituitary preparations and of other tissues containing relatively high concentrations of this hormone (a minimum of about 0.03 IU or 2 μg of NIH-P-B1, 13 IU/mg); however, it was not possible to assay the prolactin present in serum from normal animals. Recently, double antibody radioimmunoassay techniques have been developed for ovine (2) and bovine prolactin (3) and a radioimmunoassay for rat prolactin (4) which uses a chromatoelectrophoresis step to separate free prolactin-125 I from that bound to the antibody has also been reported. These techniques are sufficiently sensitive to quantitate serum levels of prolactin. This communication describes the development of a double antibody radioimmunoassay for rat prolactin capable of measuring the amount of prolactin in 100 μl of serum from immature female rats or in 25 μ...

354 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Administration of dietary genistein at 750 microg/g can exert estrogenic effects in the uterus, mammary gland and hypothalamic/pituitary axis and potential antiestrogenic effects are evaluated.
Abstract: These studies were undertaken to assess the estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of dietary genistein. To determine estrogenic effects, genistein was mixed into a modified AIN-76 or AIN-93G semipurified diet at 0 (negative control), 150, 375 or 750 microg/g and 17, beta-estradiol at 1.0 microg/g and fed to ovariectomized 70-d-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Estrogenic potency was determined by analyzing uterine weight, mammary gland development, plasma prolactin and expression of uterine c-fos. Dietary genistein (375 and 750 microg/g) increased uterine wet and dry weights (P < 0.05). Mammary gland regression following ovariectomy was significantly inhibited by dietary genistein at 750 microg/g (P < 0.05). Plasma prolactin was significantly greater in ovariectomized rats fed genistein (750 microg/g) compared with comparable rats not receiving genistein. The relative binding affinity of genistein to the estrogen receptor (ER) was 0.01 that of estradiol. Genistein (750 microg/g) induced the uterine expression of c-fos. To evaluate potential antiestrogenic effects, genistein and estradiol were mixed into the modified AIN diets at the doses noted above and fed to ovariectomized rats. Dietary genistein (375 or 750 microg/g) did not inhibit the effects of estradiol on uterine weight, mammary gland development or plasma prolactin. Serum concentration of total genistein (conjugated plus free) in rats fed 750 microg/g was 2.2 micromol/L and free genistein was 0.4 micromol/L. Administration of dietary genistein at 750 microg/g can exert estrogenic effects in the uterus, mammary gland and hypothalamic/pituitary axis. Dietary genistein (750 microg/g) did not antagonize the action of estradiol in estradiol-supplemented ovariectomized rats or in intact rats.

349 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023360
2022585
2021202
2020221
2019180
2018172