Topic
Prolactin
About: Prolactin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22356 publications have been published within this topic receiving 609537 citations. The topic is also known as: lactotropin, & PRL,.
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TL;DR: The data suggest a deficiency of hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones rather than a primary pituitary defect in male infants with normal birth weight and length and without gross central nervous system malformations, which is critical for prompt treatment of the life-threatening cortisol deficiency.
126 citations
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TL;DR: Sex steroids and adenohypophyseal hormones (PRL, FSH, and LH) have subset-specific effects on T-cell activation which may influence sex-related differences in immune response.
126 citations
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TL;DR: The data indicate that plasma membrane ERα proteins mediate estrogen‐stimulated PRL release from GH3/B6/F10 cells, and may also convey information about conformationally sensitive areas of the membrane form of ERα involved in rapid, nongenomic responses to estrogens.
Abstract: Antibodies (Abs) raised against the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) were used to investigate the role of ERα proteins located at the plasma membrane in mediating the rapid, estrogen-stimulated secretion of prolactin (PRL) from rat pituitary GH3/B6/F10 cells. Exposure of the cells to 1 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) significantly increased PRL release after 3 or 6 min. When ERα Abs that bind specifically to ERα but are too large to diffuse into cells were tested for activity at the cell membrane, Ab R4, targeted to an ERα hinge region sequence, increased PRL release in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Ab H151, directed against a different hinge region epitope, decreased PRL release and blocked the stimulatory action of E2. Abs raised against the DNA binding domain (H226) or the carboxyl terminus (C542) were not biologically active. When each Ab was examined for recognition of ERα on the cell surface by immunocytochemistry, all except H151 generated immunostaining in aldehyde-fixed cells. In live cells, howeve...
126 citations
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TL;DR: This Review focuses on the newly discovered roles of prolactin in human health and disease, particularly its involvement in metabolic homeostasis including body weight control, adipose tissue, skin and hair follicles, pancreas, bone, the adrenal response to stress, the control of lactotroph cellHomeostasis and maternal behaviour.
Abstract: The principal role of prolactin in mammals is the regulation of lactation. Prolactin is a hormone that is mainly synthesized and secreted by lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin signalling occurs via a unique transmembrane prolactin receptor (PRL-R). The structure of the PRL-R has now been elucidated and is similar to that of many biologically fundamental receptors of the class 1 haematopoietic cytokine receptor family such as the growth hormone receptor. The PRL-R is expressed in a wide array of tissues, and a growing number of biological processes continue to be attributed to prolactin. In this Review, we focus on the newly discovered roles of prolactin in human health and disease, particularly its involvement in metabolic homeostasis including body weight control, adipose tissue, skin and hair follicles, pancreas, bone, the adrenal response to stress, the control of lactotroph cell homeostasis and maternal behaviour. New data concerning the pathological states of hypoprolactinaemia and hyperprolactinaemia will also be presented and discussed. Prolactin is mainly known for its involvement in the regulation of lactation. In this Review, the authors describe other newly discovered roles of prolactin in human health and disease and discuss new data on the pathological states of hypoprolactinaemia and hyperprolactinaemia.
126 citations
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TL;DR: Oxytocin, released in a pulsatile way, and prolactin were released by breastfeeding during the second day postpartum, and women who had received oxytocin either intravenously for stimulation of labor or intramuscularly for prevention of post partum hemorrhage and/or epidural analgesia had the lowest endogenous median oxytocIn levels.
Abstract: Background: Oxytocin and prolactin stimulate milk ejection and milk production during breastfeeding. The aim of the present study was to make a detailed analysis of maternal release of oxytocin and prolactin in response to breastfeeding during the second day postpartum in mothers who had received oxytocin either intravenously for stimulation of labor or intramuscularly for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage and/or epidural analgesia or those who had received no such treatment in connection with birth. Methods: In a descriptive comparative study plasma oxytocin and prolactin concentrations were measured in response to suckling during the second day postpartum in women who had received intravenous intrapartum oxytocin (n = 8), intramuscular postpartum oxytocin (n = 13), or epidural analgesia, either with (n = 14) or without (n = 6) intrapartum oxytocin infusion, and women who received none of these interventions (n = 20). Hormone levels were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. Results: All mothers sho...
126 citations