Topic
Prolactin
About: Prolactin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22356 publications have been published within this topic receiving 609537 citations. The topic is also known as: lactotropin, & PRL,.
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TL;DR: The effect of pGlu-His-Pro-NH2 (TRF) on the secretion of prolactin (PRL) from rat anterior pituitary glands and cell cultures derived from normal and propylthiouracil (PTU)-fed rats is reported.
Abstract: The effect of pGlu-His-Pro-NH2 (TRF) on the secretion of prolactin (PRL) from rat anterior pituitary glands and cell cultures derived from normal and propylthiouracil (PTU)-fed rats is reported. TRF only slightly increased (less than 50% over control levels) the rate of secretion of radioimmunoassayable PRL or immune precipitated biosynthesized [3H]-PRL secreted by normal anterior pituitary cells, but had a greater effect on the rate of secretion of PRL by pituitary cell cultures obtained from PTU-treated rats. Furthermore, PTU-treated rats’ hemi-pituitary glands incubated in vitro also respond to TRF, demonstrating that the response to TRF by rat tissue is not a result of the cell dispersion or culture procedure. The administration of thyroid hormones which inhibit the TRF mediated secretion of TSH in vivo and in vitro suppress the secretion of PRL by hemi-pituitaries and dispersed cell cultures of anterior pituitaries from PTU-fed rats. Comparative studies of the [3H]-TRF binding to (mouse) TSH secretin...
123 citations
TL;DR: ATR suppresses suckling-induced PRL release and that this suppression results in lateral prostate inflammation in the offspring, demonstrating that the critical period for this effect is PND 1-9.
123 citations
TL;DR: The nature and magnitude of interactions between sex, hormones and lacrimal tissue are reviewed, and how they may relate to the pathogenesis of aqueous-deficient dry eye is addressed.
Abstract: Sex and the endocrine system exert a significant influence on the physiology and pathophysiology of the lacrimal gland. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the nature and magnitude of these interactions between sex, hormones and lacrimal tissue, and to address how they may relate to the pathogenesis of aqueous-deficient dry eye. Towards this end, this article has a 3-fold approach: first, to summarize the influence of androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, retinoic acid, prolactin, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, thyroxine, parathyroid hormone, insulin, glucagon, melatonin, human chorionic gonadotropin and cholecystokinin on the structure and function of the lacrimal gland; second, to discuss the mechanism of action of each hormone on lacrimal tissue; and third, to discuss the clinical relevance of the endocrine-lacrimal gland interrelationship, with a particular focus on each hormone's role (i.e. if relevant) in the development of aqueous-tear deficiency.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the pituitary adenomas were found to contain two distinct cell types, distinguishable from each other by their characteristic fine structural features, each secreting one hormone.
Abstract: Six patients with acromegaly at examination were found to have pituitary adenomas composed of cells that secreted GH and PRL. This was demonstrated by the elevated serum hormone concentrations, by immunoperoxidase staining of 5 specimens, and by electron microscopic examination of 4. Ultrastructural characteristics, described in detail, suggest that these adenomas were mixed adenomas consisting of 2 well-defined, distinct cell types, each secreting one hormone. By immunoperoxidase staining some cells were found to contain immunoreactive growth hormone, other cells immunoreactive prolactin. No cells were detected exhibiting immunostaining for both growth hormone and prolactin. Electron microscopy, consistent with the results of immunostaining, revealed the presence of two distinct cell types, distinguishable from each other by their characteristic fine structural features. No intermediate forms were noted. Thus there was no evidence to suggest that one cell type might transform to the other. Present findin...
123 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The intracellular specific 17beta-estradiol binding in the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, was shown to be modified by Prolactin, and the possible mechanism implicating prolactin as an effector of differentiation and growth of MCF -7 cells is discussed.
Abstract: The intracellular specific 17beta-estradiol binding in the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, was shown to be modified by prolactin. Both ovine and human prolactin doubled the estradiol receptor (E2R) level, but the latter was at least 10 times more stimulatory on a concentration basis. Most of the E2R complex (approximately 80%) was transported to the nucleus, and the prolactin stimulation was reflected in an elevated nuclear uptake of the tritiated 17beta-estradiol. Neither ovine nor human prolactin altered the growth rate of the cells when E2R stimulation was maximal. Insulin (10 mug/ml) stimulated tritiated thymidine incorporation and total DNA content but had no apparent effect on E2R concentration. At 10(-4) M, N6,O2'-dibutyrylcyclicadenosine 3':5'-monophosphate increased insulin stimulation of tritiated thymidine incorporation and brought about a prolactin stimulation of apparent DNA synthesis. Theophylline (10(-3) M) blocked both of these effects of N6,O2'-dibutyrylcyclicadenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. The possible mechanism implicating prolactin as an effector of differentiation and growth of MCF-7 cells is discussed.
123 citations