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Prolactin

About: Prolactin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22356 publications have been published within this topic receiving 609537 citations. The topic is also known as: lactotropin, & PRL,.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A heat-labile anterior pituitary factor exerts a strong mitogenic action on articular chondrocytes in secondary monolayer culture and secretion of macromolecular radiosulfate into the medium by the stimulated cells is markedly reduced.
Abstract: A heat-labile anterior pituitary factor exerts a strong mitogenic action on articular chondrocytes in secondary monolayer culture. At the same time secretion of macromolecular radiosulfate into the medium by the stimulated cells is markedly reduced. This factor was found in NIH bovine and ovine TSH as well as LH but not in more purified (Condliffe-Bates, Pierce) preparations of TSH. The response, measured by the DNA content of the cell pellet, was dose-dependent; the lowest effective concentration was 1 μg NIH TSH/ml culture medium. The effect was fairly selective for chondrocytes, rabbit and human, and was displayed to much lesser degree by skin fibroblasts and 4 other cell types studied. FSH had a smaller effect while GH, prolactin, ACTH and a preparation having high EPS activity were relatively ineffective. Of 19 other hormone preparations examined, only crude HCG gave a comparable mitogenic response. Insulin, 0.1 U/ml, had a consistent but small effect. Estradiol-17β and diethylstilbesterol (10 μg/ml)...

120 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data show that prolactin can stimulate the immune system in a biphasic manner and that a reduction in the basal levels of this hormone results in an attenuated immune response.

120 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observations suggested that peripheral rather than central GABA receptors were involved in blocking haloperidol- or morphine-induced PRL release, and proof that peripheral GABA receptorswere involved was provided by the experiments with bicuculline methiodide.
Abstract: The rise in serum PRL concentration induced by administration of haloperidol (0.05-0.5 mg/kg, iv) or morphine (2–15 mg/kg, sc) to male rats and during estrogen treatment (1 mg/day for 15 days) in ovariectomized rats was reduced by systemic injection of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist, muscimol (1 mg/kg, iv). Intraventricular or intrahypothalamic injection of muscimol (100–500 ng) did not alter PRL release or block the PRL release induced by haloperidol or morphine; rather, a slight stimulation of PRL release was observed after intraventricular injection of a dose of 800 μl muscimol. Since the concentration of muscimol in different brain areas after central administration was similar to that after systemic injection, these observations suggested that peripheral rather than central GABA receptors were involved in blocking haloperidol- or morphine-induced PRL release. Proof that peripheral GABA receptors were involved was provided by the experiments with bicuculline methiodide. This specific ...

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary experiments utilizing lactating cows and dairy bulls demonstrated release of prolactin by a single iv injection of 100 Mg synthetic thyrotropin—releasing hormone (TRH) and more completely the endocrine changes occurring in the bovine after TRH.
Abstract: Preliminary experiments utilizing lactating cows and dairy bulls demonstrated release of prolactin by a single iv injection of 100 Mg synthetic thyrotropin—releasing hormone (TRH). Thereafter, a second experiment described more completely the endocrine changes occurring in the bovine after TRH. Twenty—five, 50 or 100 μg synthetic TRH was administered via jugular cannulae to each of four lactating cows. Serum prolactin immediately before TRH averaged 3.4 ng/ml. Prolactin averaged 21.1, 9.2 and 23.9 ng/ml at 2 min after 25, 50 or 100 μg TRH, respectively. Comparable values at the prolactin peak were 68.0, 23.4 and 60.6 and intervals to the prolactin peak were 10, 8 and 8 min, respectively. Serum prolactin increased in each cow after each dose of TRH, and returned to baseline within 2 hr. Serum thyroxine (μg/100 ml) increased linearly (p < 0.01) for 5 hr, but the increase was not linearly related to dose of TRH. In contrast, growth hormone increased proportionally to the dose of TRH. Total serum glucocortico...

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The manic state seems to be characterized by similar but less severe neuroendocrine and circadian abnormalities, compared with major depression.
Abstract: Objective: To characterize sleep and the 24-hour profiles of cortisol, prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) secretion in mania. Methods: Blood was sampled at 15-minute intervals, and sleep was polygraphically recorded in eight unmedicated male patients with pure mania and the results compared with those from a group of 14 healthy age-matched controls. The circadian, sleep-related, and pulsatile hormonal variations were quantitatively characterized using specially designed computer algorithms. Results: The manic state was associated with alterations of corticotropic activity and circadian rhythmicity partially overlapping those previously observed in acute endogenous depression, consisting of an elevation of nocturnal cortisol levels and an early timing of the nadir of the circadian variation. Sleep onset was delayed and the sleep period was reduced. A trend for short rapid eye movement latencies was apparent in the adult patients. Both the amount and the temporal organization of PRL and GH secretion were normal. Conclusion: The manic state seems to be characterized by similar but less severe neuroendocrine and circadian abnormalities, compared with major depression.

119 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023360
2022585
2021202
2020221
2019180
2018172