Prolactin

About: Prolactin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22356 publications have been published within this topic receiving 609537 citations. The topic is also known as: lactotropin, & PRL,.

Prolactin Synthesis and Secretion by Human Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract: A possible autocrine function of prolactin (Prl) in human breast cancer was explored by the addition of a panel of anti-human Prl mAbs to T47Dco and MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. mAb 631 and mAb 390 inhibited cell growth by 86 and 68%, respectively, in the estrogen receptor-negative T47Dco cells and by 20 and 71%, respectively, in the estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 cells. Conditioned medium prepared from T47Dco cells was assessed for the presence of Prl-like molecules by its ability to stimulate growth of Prl-responsive Nb2 rat lymphoma cells. Growth of Nb2 cells under the influence of human Prl or conditioned medium was abolished when either solution was pretreated with mAb 390, followed by Immunobead precipitation (Bio-Rad, Melville, NY). T47Dco cells secrete 0.7 microgram lactogen/ml over a 24-48-h period. With the use of reverse transcription-PCR, an expected 612-bp band was detected by ethidium bromide staining, and its similarity to pituitary Prl was confirmed by Southern blot analysis with the use of human Prl cDNA as a probe. A single M(r) 22,000 band, the dominant size of monomeric pituitary Prl, was found in immunoprecipitates of both cell extracts and conditioned medium from T47Dco cells labeled metabolically with [35S]cysteine. These data suggest that human breast cancer cells synthesize and secrete biologically active Prl.

The Endocrinology of growth, development, and metabolism in vertebrates

Abstract: Introduction, R. De Pablo. Part 1 Growth hormone and prolactin: evolution of the structure of the growth hormone and prolactin family, M. Rand-Weaver, et al the role of growth hormone in the growth of poikilotherms, E. McLean and E.M. Donaldson role of growth in hormone growth of homeo-therms, N.C. Steele and C.M. Evock-Clover growth hormone and metabolism, H.M. Goodman the growth hormone receptor and growth hormone-binding protein - structure, functions, and regulation, S.D. Cramer and F. Talamantes growth hormone secretion in poikilotherms and homeotherms, S. Harvey role of prolactin and placental lactogens in vertebrate growth and development, C.S. Nicoll. Part 2 Insulin, insulin-like growth factors, growth factors: insulin-like growth factors - role in growth and development, T.D. Etherton non-IGF growth factors that mediate cell proliferation and differentiation, A.L. Johnson insulin and growth, J.P. McMurtry pancreatic hormones and metabolism, R.L. Hazelwood adrenomedullary catecholamines, A. Epple beta adrenergic agonists and growth, D.H. Beerman glucocorticoids - metabolism, growth and development, C.B. Schreck thyroid hormone effects on growth, development and metabolism, A. McNabb and D.B. King hormones and skeletal growth, S. Hurwitz and M. Pines hormones involved in regulation of muscle differentiation and growth, G. Goldspink and E. Hansen hormones and adipose growth, D.J. Flint and R.G. Vernon endocrine regulation of the growth and development of warm-blood vertebrate embryos and fetuses, R.C. Thommes and J.E. Woods hormones metamorphosis and smolting, W.W. Dickhoff manipulation of animal growth, C.G. Scanes and C. Baile evolution of growth-related hormones and factors - the insulin/insulin-like growth family, C.G. Scanes and Robert M. Campbell.

Prolactin Receptor Is Required for Normal Glucose Homeostasis and Modulation of β-Cell Mass during Pregnancy

Abstract: Increased islet mass is an adaptive mechanism that occurs to combat insulin resistance during pregnancy. Prolactin (PRL) can enhance β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion in vitro, yet whether it is PRL or other pregnancy-related factors that mediate these adaptive changes during pregnancy is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether prolactin receptor (Prlr) is required for normal maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. An ip glucose tolerance test was performed on timed-pregnant Prlr+/+ and heterozygous null Prlr+/− mice on d 0, 15, and 18 of pregnancy. Compared with Prlr+/+ mice, Prlr+/− mice had impaired glucose clearance, decreased glucose-stimulated insulin release, higher nonfasted blood glucose, and lower insulin levels during but not before pregnancy. There was no difference in their insulin tolerance. Prlr+/+ mice show a significant incremental increase in islet density and β-cell number and mass throughout pregnancy, which was attenuated in the Prlr+/− mice. Prlr...

Transcriptional regulation of the prolactin gene by ergocryptine and cyclic AMP

Abstract: A large body of evidence suggests that the synthesis1,2 and secretion3–7 of the pituitary hormone prolactin is inhibited by the hypothalamic hormone dopamine. The finding that dopamine inhibits adenylate cyclase activity of rat pituitary8 and human prolactin-secreting adenoma9 suggests that the dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin synthesis may be mediated by decreased levels of cyclic AMP. Recently, the dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin synthesis has been shown to involve decreased concentrations of prolactin mRNA2,10. Furthermore, monobutyryl cyclic AMP increases prolactin mRNA levels in pituitary cells treated with the potent dopaminergic agonist ergocryptine11. Such changes in prolactin mRNA levels could involve transcriptional or post-transcriptional events. Here we report that treatment of pituitary cells with ergocryptine leads to rapid inhibition of prolactin gene transcription and that addition of monobutyryl cyclic AMP to ergocryptine-pretreated cells results in a rapid stimulation of prolactin gene transcription.

Anxiolytic and Anti-Stress Effects of Brain Prolactin: Improved Efficacy of Antisense Targeting of the Prolactin Receptor by Molecular Modeling

Abstract: We provide the first evidence that prolactin is a neuromodulator of behavioral and neuroendocrine stress coping in the rat In virgin female and male rats, intracerebral infusion of ovine prolactin (oPRL) into the lateral cerebral ventricle (intracerebroventricular) exerted an anxiolytic effect on the elevated plus-maze in a dose-dependent manner (01 and 10 μg/5 μl; p 005, not significant; adjustment of target position after mRNA modeling, 72%; p < 005) Taken together, prolactin acting at brain level has to be considered as a novel regulator of both emotionality and HPA axis reactivity