scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Prolactin

About: Prolactin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22356 publications have been published within this topic receiving 609537 citations. The topic is also known as: lactotropin, & PRL,.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A sensitive radioreceptor assay (RRA) capable of detecting 0.2 ng of human growth hormone (hGH) has been developed using plasma membrane fragments derived from the liver of pregnant rabbits and 125I-hGH.
Abstract: A sensitive radioreceptor assay (RRA) capable of detecting 0.2 ng of human growth hormone (hGH) has been developed using plasma membrane fragments derived from the liver of pregnant rabbits and 125I-hGH. Human, monkey, bovine and ovine GH all inhibit the binding of 125I-hGH, while the inhibition by hPL or human prolactin (hPRL) was minimal.

245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The discovery and initial characterization of a new mutant dwarf rat that arose spontaneously in a breeding colony of Lewis rats at the Medical Research Council Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, U.K., in 1985 is reported.
Abstract: Mutations in animals have provided insight into many aspects of normal and pathological human physiology. This paper reports the discovery and initial characterization of a new mutant dwarf rat. The mutation, inherited as an autosomal recessive, arose spontaneously in a breeding colony of Lewis rats at the Medical Research Council Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, U.K., in 1985 and the strain has now been established both in Oxford and at Mill Hill. Body growth in the mutant is retarded such that at 3 months of age both males and females weigh approximately 40% less than their normal litter-mates, and continue to grow at a slower rate. The mutants show a selective reduction in pituitary GH synthesis and storage (pituitary GH concentrations were approximately 10% of normal in males and 6% in females). The concentration of their anterior pituitary trophic hormones (LH, TSH, prolactin and ACTH) were within the normal range in dwarf animals. Exogenous GH treatment for 5 days resulted in an increase in growth rate from 1.5 +/- 0.3 to 3.9 +/- 0.4 g/day in male mutants, and 0.8 +/- 0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.1 g/day in females. Longitudinal bone growth rates were more than doubled by this treatment from 49 +/- 5 to 100 +/- 10 micron/day in females and from 52 +/- 11 to 131 +/- 16 micron/day in males. Dot blot and Northern blot analysis of pituitary mRNA extracts revealed that the GH message in mutants was between 20 and 25% of normal, and that the GH transcript was of normal size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

244 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the central serotonergic system is less responsive in depressed patients than controls, and fenfluramine, a serotonin releasing agent, was administered to 18 depressed patients and 10 controls.

243 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the cross-talk between steroid hormone receptors and AP-1 leads to an impairment of AP- 1 activity and to an inhibition of involution in the mammary glands implying that programmed cell death in the postlactational mammary gland depends on functional AP-2.
Abstract: Milk production during lactation is a consequence of the suckling stimulus and the presence of glucocorticoids, prolactin, and insulin. After weaning the glucocorticoid hormone level drops, secretory mammary epithelial cells die by programmed cell death and the gland is prepared for a new pregnancy. We studied the role of steroid hormones and prolactin on the mammary gland structure, milk protein synthesis, and on programmed cell death. Slow-release plastic pellets containing individual hormones were implanted into a single mammary gland at lactation. At the same time the pups were removed and the consequences of the release of hormones were investigated histologically and biochemically. We found a local inhibition of involution in the vicinity of deoxycorticosterone- and progesterone-release pellets while prolactin-release pellets were ineffective. Dexamethasone, a very stable and potent glucocorticoid hormone analogue, inhibited involution and programmed cell death in all the mammary glands. It led to an accumulation of milk in the glands and was accompanied by an induction of protein kinase A, AP-1 DNA binding activity and elevated c-fos, junB, and junD mRNA levels. Several potential target genes of AP-1 such as stromelysin-1, c-jun, and SGP-2 that are induced during normal involution were strongly inhibited in dexamethasone-treated animals. Our results suggest that the cross-talk between steroid hormone receptors and AP-1 previously described in cells in culture leads to an impairment of AP-1 activity and to an inhibition of involution in the mammary gland implying that programmed cell death in the postlactational mammary gland depends on functional AP-1.

242 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ontogenesis of specific binding of 125I-labeled insulin, hGH and oPRL was measured in tissues from rat, rabbit and guinea pig and three patterns of125I-insulin binding with respect to development were observed.
Abstract: The ontogenesis of specific binding of 125I-labeled insulin, hGH and oPRL was measured in tissues from rat, rabbit and guinea pig. Binding of 125I-oPRL and 125I-hGH was very low in liver membranes from fetal and immature rats. A 9- fold (oPRL) and 3.5-fold (hGH) increase in binding occurred between 20 and 40 days of age with a greater increase in binding in mid and late pregnancy. Binding to male liver membranes was significantly lower at all stages of development. There were no significant changes in the binding of 125I-hGH from fetal through 30 day rabbit liver membranes. Between 30 and 60 days of age, a 6-fold increase in binding occurred, with a further increase in binding during pregnancy. A similar overall pattern was observed with I25I-bGH. The increase in specific binding of 125I-oPRL was more gradual and occurred earlier than for 125I-GH. In the guinea pig, three patterns of 125I-insulin binding with respect to development were observed. Fetal placenta and kidney showed marked increase in specifi...

241 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Estrogen
40.7K papers, 1.7M citations
92% related
Thyroid
68.8K papers, 1.5M citations
84% related
Growth factor
34.3K papers, 2.1M citations
83% related
Insulin
124.2K papers, 5.1M citations
83% related
Receptor
159.3K papers, 8.2M citations
82% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023360
2022585
2021202
2020221
2019180
2018172