Topic
Prolactin
About: Prolactin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22356 publications have been published within this topic receiving 609537 citations. The topic is also known as: lactotropin, & PRL,.
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TL;DR: A random sample of 55 schizophrenic outpatients treated with neuroleptics was selected and sexual dysfunction was found to be associated with high plasma prolactin levels in male patients but not in female patients, and antiparkinsonian medication was not found to been correlated with either sexual dysfunction or menstrual disorder score.
Abstract: A random sample of 55 schizophrenic outpatients, 26 men and 29 women, treated with neuroleptics was selected from our long term follow-up clinic. The patients rated their current sexual functioning on specially designed scales. Fifty-four per cent of male and 30 per cent of female patients reported impaired sexual functioning during neuroleptic treatment. Ninety-one per cent of female patients reported changes in menstruation. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between sexual dysfunction score and plasma prolactin level adjusting for age. Sexual dysfunction was found to be associated with high plasma prolactin levels in male patients but not in female patients. High prolactin tended also to be associated with menstrual disturbances. Antiparkinsonian medication was not found to be correlated with either sexual dysfunction or menstrual disorder score.
230 citations
TL;DR: The surge of prolactin secretion in estrogen-treated female rats ovariectomized when adult was inhibited by a retrochiasmatic cut separating the anterior from the medial part of the hypothalamus, demonstrating fundamental sexual differences in the regulation of prolACTin secretion.
Abstract: Estrogen treatment of female rats ovariectomized when adult or of adult neonatally castrated males resulted, on the afternoon and evening of the 3rd day after initiation of treatment, in surges of prolactin secretion which reached 100 ng/ml. Males castrated when adult or androgen sterilized females ovariectomized when adult did not produce surges in response to estrogen treatment, prolactin levels remaining in the range of 10–20 ng/ml. In contrast to these sexual differences, baseline prolactin levels in untreated gonadectomized males or androgen sterilized females were significantly higher than in untreated gonadectomized females or neonatally castrated males. The surge of prolactin secretion in estrogen-treated female rats ovariectomized when adult was inhibited by a retrochiasmatic cut separating the anterior from the medial part of the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate fundamental sexual differences in the regulation of prolactin secretion. These differences may result from androgens inhibiting,...
230 citations
TL;DR: The addition of 100mcg adjunctive transdermal estrogen significantly enhanced the treatment of acute, severe psychotic symptoms in women with schizophrenia.
229 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that mammary glands stimulated by prolactin express genes essential for serotonin biosynthesis (tryptophan hydroxylase [TPH] and aromatic amine decarboxylase) and autocrine-paracrine serotonin signaling is an important regulator of mammary homeostasis and early involution.
229 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that IGF-II may act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to stimulate the adrenal and gonadal growth stimulated by ACTH and gonadotropins, respectively.
Abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are single-chain polypeptides important for cell proliferation and growth. IGFs are produced in several tissues, suggesting that they function in a paracrine or autocrine fashion as well as functioning as endocrine hormones. We studied the hormonal regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA in human steroidogenic tissues. In cultured human ovarian granulosa cells, follicle-stimulating hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, and dibutyryl cAMP increased IGF-II mRNA, but corticotropin [adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)], chorionic somatomammotropin, growth hormone, prolactin, dexamethasone, estradiol, and progesterone had no effect. In cultured human fetal adrenal cells, ACTH and dibutyryl cAMP increased IGF-II mRNA accumulation, but human chorionic gonadotropin and angiotensin II did not. The same five size species of IGF-II mRNA were detected in transfer blots of RNA from granulosa cells and fetal adrenal cells, and all of these increased after hormonal stimuli. Dibutyryl cAMP also increased IGF-II mRNA accumulation in cultured human placental cells. Accumulation of mRNA for the cholesterol side-chain-cleavage monooxygenase [P450scc [corrected]; cholesterol, reduced-adrenal-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (side-chain-cleaving), EC 1.14.15.6] was regulated in parallel with IGF-II mRNA in all these steroidogenic tissues. IGF-I mRNA was not detected in transfer blots of these RNAs, and the minimal amounts detected in dot blots showed no detectable change after any of the hormonal stimuli studied. The data indicate that the IGF-II gene is expressed in human steroidogenic tissues and is regulated by cAMP. These data suggest that IGF-II may act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to stimulate the adrenal and gonadal growth stimulated by ACTH and gonadotropins, respectively.
229 citations