Topic
Prolactin
About: Prolactin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22356 publications have been published within this topic receiving 609537 citations. The topic is also known as: lactotropin, & PRL,.
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TL;DR: Results are consistent with growth hormone functioning as a homeorhetic control of nutrient partitioning as well as the galactopoeitic action of growth hormone, which may be partly attributable to its effects on responsiveness of adipose tissue to a lipolytic stimulus.
202 citations
TL;DR: Results point to prolactin as an autocrine proliferative factor in the pituitary gland and an antiproliferative function for DA regulated through D2 receptor activation, which is demonstrated in mice lacking DA D2 receptors.
202 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that cells from SCCL have a potential for producing a wide variety of hormones and that this characteristic can be maintained for prolonged periods of culture in vitro.
Abstract: Continuous cell lines have been established from a variety of biopsy and postmortem species of tumor from patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) and have been maintained over several years. The medium from the cultures has been assayed for peptide, glycoprotein, and steroid hormones. Significant amounts of 14 hormones including calcitonin, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), parathormone, luteinizing hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, glucagon, growth hormone, somatostatin, prolactin, beta-endorpin, lipotropin, oxytocin-neurophysin, vasopressin-neurophysin, and estradiol have been demonstrated. Up to ten different hormones have been produced by a single cell line. Most produce ACTH and all evaluated so far produce estradiol. These studies indicate that cells from SCCL have a potential for producing a wide variety of hormones and that this characteristic can be maintained for prolonged periods of culture in vitro.
202 citations
TL;DR: A first pregnancy leads to a long-term decrease in serum prolactin secretion, lasting at least 12 to 13 years, which is known to protect against subsequent breast cancer.
Abstract: An early first pregnancy is known to protect against subsequent breast cancer. We speculated that this effect may be mediated by a long-term depression of prolactin secretion after pregnancy. We therefore measured basal and post-stimulation serum levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in two groups--15 women 18 to 23 years of age and 9 women 29 to 40--before and after a first full-term pregnancy, and in 40 appropriate nulliparous controls. We observed no significant change in basal levels of serum LH or FSH or in the levels stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in any group. A significant decrease was seen, however, in basal and perphenazine-stimulated levels of prolactin after pregnancy in both the younger and older first-pregnancy groups but not in the controls. In a separate cross-sectional study, we compared basal serum prolactin levels in 29 parous and 19 nulliparous women of similar age. The serum prolactin levels were significantly lower in the parous group but were not related to the number of pregnancies (one to three) or the time elapsed (12 to 150 months) since the last delivery. We conclude that a first pregnancy leads to a long-term decrease in serum prolactin secretion, lasting at least 12 to 13 years.
201 citations
TL;DR: In that the pineal gland influences brain constituents and, possibly, synaptic transmission, it is likely that it may control the peripheral organs of internal secretion by a mechanism involving corticol indoleamine and catecholamine concentrations.
Abstract: Literature on the endocrinologic function of the pineal gland is reviewed. The pineal gland appears to have an inhibitory effect on gonadtoropin release. It is possible since no hypothalamic inhibiting factors have been indentified with the control of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone synthesis and release by the anterior pituitary that the pineal gland provides the necessary inhibitory principles. The antigonadotropic activity of pineal polypeptides may be of importance in this regard. In that these polypeptides are not present in the urine of pinealectomized rats it is assumed that they are secreted by the pineal gland. Although the effects of the pineal gland on sexual physiology in animal experiments performed under phototropic conditions are barely detectable it is incorrect to assume that the organ has no function. Exposure to artificial light for 12-16 hours may severely bias or negate the effect of the pineal gland. In that the pineal gland influences brain constituents and possibly synaptic transmission it is likely that it may control the peripheral organs of internal secretion by a mechanism involving corticol indoleamine and catecholamine concentrations.
201 citations