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Propanol
About: Propanol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4104 publications have been published within this topic receiving 62861 citations.
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TL;DR: The studies reported here suggest that the Edelhoch method is the best method for measuring ε for a protein, which can best be predicted with this equation.
Abstract: The molar absorption coefficient, E, of a protein is usually based on concentrations measured by dry weight, nitrogen, or amino acid analysis. The studies reported here suggest that the Edelhoch method is the best method for measuring E for a protein. (This method is described by Gill and von Hippel [1989, Anal Biochem 182:3193261 and is based on data from Edelhoch [1967, Biochemistry 6:1948-19541.) The absorbance of a protein at 280 nm depends on the content of Trp, Tyr, and cystine (disulfide bonds). The average E values for these chromophores in a sample of 18 well-characterized proteins have been estimated, and the E values in water, propanol, 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCI), and 8 M urea have been measured. For Trp, the average E values for the proteins are less than the E values measured in any of the solvents. For Tyr, the average E values for the proteins are intermediate between those measured in 6 M GdnHCl and those measured in propanol. Based on a sample of 116 measured t values for 80 proteins, the t at 280 nm of a folded protein in water, t(280), can best be predicted with this equation:
3,718 citations
TL;DR: In this article, complex dielectric constants have been measured at frequencies from below 20 c/s to 5 mc/s over the temperature range −40° to −75°C in glycerol, −45°-to −90° in propylene glycol, and −80°-140° in npropanol.
Abstract: Complex dielectric constants have been measured at frequencies from below 20 c/s to 5 mc/s over the temperature range −40° to −75°C in glycerol, −45° to −90° in propylene glycol, and −80° to −140° in n‐propanol. The results for n‐propanol are described by the Debye equation, but the values for the other two require a modified equation corresponding to a broader range of dispersion at higher frequencies. In all three liquids, evidence is found for a second dispersion region at still higher frequencies, which accounts for much of the difference between the radio frequency and optical dielectric constant. The relaxation times are quantitatively described over wide ranges by an empirical rate equation of a form which also fits viscosity data. The significance of the various results is discussed.
1,681 citations
TL;DR: The catalytic formation of di- and trisubstituted ortho biaryl junctions has been achieved using a palladacylce pre-catalyst bearing a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand.
Abstract: The catalytic formation of di- and trisubstituted ortho biaryl junctions has been achieved using a palladacylce pre-catalyst bearing a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. This transformation is performed at room temperature in technical grade 2-propanol.
477 citations
TL;DR: This work systematically improved the synthesis of 1-propanol and 1-butanol through deregulation of amino-acid biosynthesis and elimination of competing pathways.
Abstract: Production of higher alcohols via the keto-acid intermediates found in microorganism's native amino-acid pathways has recently shown promising results. In this work, an Escherichia coli strain that produces 1-butanol and 1-propanol from glucose was constructed. The strain first converts glucose to 2-ketobutyrate, a common keto-acid intermediate for isoleucine biosynthesis. Then, 2-ketobutyrate is converted to 1-propanol through reactions catalyzed by the heterologous decarboxylase and dehydrogenase, or to 1-butanol via the chemistry involved in the synthesis of the unnatural amino acid norvaline. We systematically improved the synthesis of 1-propanol and 1-butanol through deregulation of amino-acid biosynthesis and elimination of competing pathways. The final strain demonstrated a production titer of 2 g/L with nearly 1:1 ratio of butanol and propanol.
408 citations
TL;DR: The resolution is best in pure propanol, on the order of 20 nm, and becomes worse for the softer samples, and the degradation in resolution can be understood by considering the elastic indentation of the gelatin caused by the AFM tip, which becomes larger the softer the sample is.
Abstract: We have imaged mica coated with thin gelatin films in water, propanol, and mixtures of these two liquids by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The elastic modulus (Young's modulus) can be tuned from 20 kPa to more than 0.1 GPa depending on the ratio of propanol to water. The resolution is best in pure propanol, on the order of 20 nm, and becomes worse for the softer samples. The degradation in resolution can be understood by considering the elastic indentation of the gelatin caused by the AFM tip. This indentation becomes larger and thus the contact area becomes larger the softer the sample is. Therefore this study may be used to estimate the resolution to be expected with an AFM on other soft samples, such as cells. Nondestructive imaging was possible only by imaging at forces
377 citations