scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Propylthiouracil

About: Propylthiouracil is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2181 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46996 citations. The topic is also known as: Thyreostat® & 2,3-dihydro-6-propyl-2-thioxo-4(1H)-pyrimidinone.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
27 Apr 1979-Science
TL;DR: Thyroxine administration significantly increased the concentration of nerve growth factor in all three brain areas compared to control values, whereas propylthiouracil was without effect, suggesting that thyroid hormones stimulate nerve growthFactor synthesis in the mature central nervous system.
Abstract: The effects of thyroxine and propylthiouracil on nerve growth factor concentrations in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem of adult male mice were assessed by using a sensitive radioimmunoassay for the beta-subunit of mouse nerve growth factor. Thyroxine administration significantly increased the concentration of nerve growth factor in all three brain areas compared to control values, whereas propylthiouracil was without effect. These results suggest that thyroid hormones stimulate nerve growth factor synthesis in the mature central nervous system, and raise the possibility that the influence of thyroid hormones on central nervous system development might be mediated or influenced by nerve growth factor.

133 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the association of both drugs with congenital malformations using data from the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICSBRS).
Abstract: Context: Clinical hyperthyroidism is not uncommon in pregnancy, with a reported prevalence of 0.1 to 0.4%. The available antithyroid drugs are propylthiouracil and methimazole/carbimazole. Objectives: In this report we examined the association of both drugs with congenital malformations using data from the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research. Design: The study used a case-affected control analysis and included 18,131 cases with malformations and reported first-trimester exposure to medication. A total of 127 subjects were born to mothers with known first-trimester antithyroid drug exposure. Results: Among the 52 groups of malformations that were analyzed, situs inversus ± dextrocardia, isolated unilateral kidney a/dysgenesis, and cardiac outflow tract defects were associated with prenatal exposure to propylthiouracil based on three, two, and five cases, respectively. Prenatal exposure to methimazole/carbimazole was significantly associated with choanal atresia, omphaloc...

132 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that hypothyroidism is accompanied with increased oxidative stress and vitamin E supplementation exerts beneficial effects on this situation.
Abstract: Thyroid hormones are associated with the oxidative and antioxidative status of the organism. Since data on the oxidative status of hypothyroidism are limited and controversial, we investigated the oxidant and antioxidant status and serum paraoxonase/arylesterase activities in propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism and examined the effect of vitamin E supplementation on this experimental model. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (group 1, control; group 2, control + vitamin E; group 3, propylthiouracil; group 4, propylthiouracil + vitamin E). Plasma, red blood cell, liver, heart and skeletal muscle malondialdehyde levels were increased in the propylthiouracil-treated group compared with the control rats and were decreased in propylthiouracil + vitamin E group compared with the propylthiouracil-treated group. Vitamin E supplementation also significantly increased liver and kidney reduced glutathione levels in propylthiouracil treated animals. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were decreased in propylthiouracil treated group and vitamin E supplementation caused significant increase in serum paraoxonase activity compared with the propylthiouracil-treated rats. These findings suggest that hypothyroidism is accompanied with increased oxidative stress and vitamin E supplementation exerts beneficial effects on this situation.

132 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The multi-item gamma-Poisson shrinker (MGPS) data mining algorithm detects higher-than-expected reporting of severe hepatotoxicity and vasculitis in children and adolescents with propylthiouracil but not with methimazole.
Abstract: Background: The antithyroid drugs propylthiouracil and methimazole were introduced for clinical use about 60 yr ago and are estimated to be used in more than 6000 children and adolescents per year in the United States. Over the years that these medications have been used, reports of adverse events involving hepatotoxicity have appeared. To date, there has not been a systematic and comparative evaluation of the adverse events associated with antithyroid drug use. Objective: Our objective was to assess safety and hepatotoxicity profiles of propylthiouracil and methimazole by age in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). Design: We used the multi-item gamma-Poisson shrinker (MGPS) data mining algorithm to analyze more than 40 yr of safety data in AERS. MGPS uses a Bayesian model to calculate adjusted observed to expected ratios [empiric Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) values] for every drug-adverse event combination in AERS, focusing on hepatotoxicity events. Results: MGPS...

132 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that moderate degrees of thyroid hormone insufficiency during the early postnatal period permanently alters interneuron expression of PV and compromises inhibitory function in the hippocampus.
Abstract: Thyroid hormones are necessary for brain development. gamma-Amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons comprise the bulk of local inhibitory circuitry in brain, many of which contain the calcium binding protein, parvalbumin (PV). A previous report indicated that severe postnatal hypothyroidism reduces PV immunoreactivity (IR) in rat neocortex. We examined PV-IR and GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition in the hippocampus of rats deprived of thyroid hormone from gestational d 6 until weaning on postnatal d 30. Pregnant dams were exposed to propylthiouracil (0, 3, 10 ppm) via the drinking water, which decreased maternal serum T(4) by approximately 50-75% and increased TSH. At weaning, T(4) was reduced by approximately 70% in offspring in the low-dose group and fell below detectable levels in high-dose animals. PV-IR was diminished in the hippocampus and neocortex of offspring killed on postnatal d 21, an effect that could be reversed by postnatal administration of T(4). Dose-dependent decreases in the density of PV-IR neurons were observed in neocortex and hippocampus, with the dentate gyrus showing the most severe reductions (50-75% below control counts). Altered staining persisted to adulthood despite the return of thyroid hormones to control levels. Developmental cross-fostering and adult-onset deprivation studies revealed that early postnatal hormone insufficiency was required for an alteration in PV-IR. Synaptic inhibition of the perforant path-dentate gyrus synapse evaluated in adult offspring, in vivo, revealed dose-dependent reductions in paired pulse depression indicative of a suppression of GABA-mediated inhibition. These data demonstrate that moderate degrees of thyroid hormone insufficiency during the early postnatal period permanently alters interneuron expression of PV and compromises inhibitory function in the hippocampus.

128 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Hormone
38.3K papers, 1.2M citations
81% related
Thyroid
68.8K papers, 1.5M citations
80% related
Leptin
22.7K papers, 1.1M citations
78% related
Estrogen
40.7K papers, 1.7M citations
77% related
Secretion
24.8K papers, 1.2M citations
75% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202342
202276
202138
202032
201934
201829