Topic
Propylthiouracil
About: Propylthiouracil is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2181 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46996 citations. The topic is also known as: Thyreostat® & 2,3-dihydro-6-propyl-2-thioxo-4(1H)-pyrimidinone.
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TL;DR: It is confirmed that the predominant effect of food deprivation on the thyroid axis is at the hypothalamic or suprahypothalamic level and that it can, at least in part, overcome the increase in TRH mRNA due to diminished T3 feedback.
Abstract: Propylthiouracil (PTU) was administered to rats for different lengths of time with or without food deprivation on the last 2 days. Within 4 days of PTU treatment peripheral 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3) fell to low levels and beta-subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone (beta-TSH) mRNA increased significantly in the anterior pituitary. Pro-thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (pro-TRH) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) increased significantly in the control group of animals by 8 days and in the food-deprived group by day 12; the increment of pro-TRH mRNA in the food-deprived group on day 12 was significantly less than that in the control group. In a second study, animals were treated with intraperitoneal injections of T3 with or without the food deprivation. After 4 days of T3 treatment, peripheral T3 levels were markedly increased and pro-TRH mRNA in the PVN and beta-TSH mRNA in the anterior pituitary were significantly reduced. Food deprivation had no additional suppressive effect. These studies confirm that the predominant effect of food deprivation on the thyroid axis is at the hypothalamic or suprahypothalamic level and that it can, at least in part, overcome the increase in TRH mRNA due to diminished T3 feedback.
24 citations
TL;DR: The findings in the present study suggest that the enhanced Hershberger assay, with evaluation of thyroid histopathology and weights, and hormone levels, appears to be reliable for screening for not only (anti-)androgenic chemicals but also thyroid hormone modulators.
24 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that p27 may be a type I 5'-D itself or at least the substrate-binding subunit of this enzyme in human thyroid, and that both Graves' and follicular adenoma thyroids contain larger amounts of it, and papillary adenocarcinoma Thyroids smaller than normal amounts.
Abstract: N-Bromoacetyl-[125I]T4(BrAc[125I]T4) was used as affinity label to identify type I 5'-deiodinase (5'-D) in human thyroid glands. Affinity labeled proteins were analyzed by autoradiography after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Human thyroid microsomes labeled with BrAc[125I]T4 showed the most prominent radiolabeled band of protein at a mol wt of approximately 27,000 (p27). BrAc[125I]T4 incorporations into p27 were significantly higher in both Graves' and follicular adenomas than in normal thyroids. On the other hand, four cases out of five carcinomas were lower than the least value of normal thyroids. Furthermore, an excellent correlation was observed between 5'-D activities and quantities of p27 in all cases (r = 0.96; P less than 0.001). Labeling of p27 was strongly inhibited by preferred type I 5'-D substrate rT3, but to a lesser extent by poor substrate T4 or T3, and the type I 5'-D inhibitor, propylthiouracil and iopanoic acid, also inhibited the p27 labeling in normal and v...
24 citations
TL;DR: Propylthiouracil feeding of pregnant guinea pigs during the last several weeks of gestation resulted in progressive fetal thyroid hyperplasia and TSH concentrations of plasma and pituitary were significantly elevated in goitrous offspring.
Abstract: Propylthiouracil (PTU) feeding of pregnant guinea pigs during the last several weeks of gestation resulted in progressive fetal thyroid hyperplasia (13- to 50-fold). TSH concentrations of plasma and pituitary were significantly elevated in goitrous offspring. The elevation in TSH levels was closely correlated with the appearance in the fetal pars distalis of numerous, glycoprotein granulated, enlarged basophils. Maternal titers of plasma TSH were also increased, but structural changes in thyroid and hypophysis were minimal unless goitrogen treatment was prolonged. The delay in goitrogenesis of adult animals was also observed in normal newborn. PTU administration during the first 2 weeks of life failed to induce significant histological change in the thyroid or to alter TSH levels in blood and pituitary. Daily sc injections of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), at high dose levels, for 3–9 days, into pregnant animals substantially reduced TSH stores in the adenohypophysis but had no demonstrable effe...
23 citations
TL;DR: This family with thyroid hormone resistance had the unusual feature of clinical heterogeneity; the two children had mainly pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone and were hyperthyroid; the euthyroid father, on the other hand, had generalized tissue resistance to thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
23 citations