Topic
Propylthiouracil
About: Propylthiouracil is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2181 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46996 citations. The topic is also known as: Thyreostat® & 2,3-dihydro-6-propyl-2-thioxo-4(1H)-pyrimidinone.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: The results indicate that the thyroid hormones mainly affect neutral steroid metabolism, and cholesterol absorption was increased in hypothyroid (PTU fed) rats and decreased in hyperthyroid (T4 treated) rats.
22 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that expression of placental NIS is modulated by maternal iodide, which may occur through modulation of hCG effects on NIS and hCG gene expression.
Abstract: Context: Active placental transport of maternal iodide by the thyroidal sodium iodide symporter (NIS) provides an essential substrate for fetal thyroid hormone synthesis. NIS is expressed in trophoblast and is regulated by human choriogonadotropin (hCG). In thyroid, iodide down-regulates expression of several genes including NIS. Placentas of iodine-deficient rats demonstrate up-regulation of NIS mRNA, suggesting a role for iodide in regulating placental NIS. Objectives and Methods: The objectives were to examine effects of iodide on expression of NIS and hCG in BeWo choriocarcinoma cells. Gene expression was studied by quantitative real-time PCR. Effects on NIS protein expression were assessed by Western blotting. FunctionalactivityofNISwasmeasuredby 125 Iuptake.ExpressionofhCG protein was assessed by immunoassay of secreted hormone. Results: Iodide inhibited NIS mRNA and membrane protein expression as well as 125 I uptake, which were paralleled by decreased hCG mRNA expression and protein secretion. Iodide had no effects on pendrin expression. Addition of hCG increased NIS mRNA expression. This effect was partially inhibited by addition of iodide. The inhibitory effects of iodide on NIS mRNA expression were abolished by propylthiouracil and dithiothreitol. Conclusions: We conclude that expression of placental NIS is modulatedbymaternaliodide.ThismayoccurthroughmodulationofhCG effects on NIS and hCG gene expression. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 4046–4051, 2007)
22 citations
TL;DR: The demonstration of homodimeric TPO and the reduction in HMW-TPO isoforms during thionamide treatment of CHO- TPO cells shows, for the first time, an effect of thionamides on TPO structure.
Abstract: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is the key enzyme in thyroid hormone production and a universal autoantigen in Graves' and other autoimmune thyroid diseases. We wished to explore the expression of TPO and whether it was affected by thionamide antithyroid drugs. We studied recombinant TPO, stably expressed by a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-TPO) and transiently expressed TPO-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and -FLAG fusion proteins. Immunoblotting of CHO-TPO cell extracts showed high-molecular weight (HMW) TPO isoforms that were resistant to reduction, as well as 110 kDa monomeric TPO. Co-immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) binding studies of FLAG- and eGFP-tagged TPO demonstrated TPO dimerisation. CHO-TPO cells cultured in methimazole (MMI) for 10 days showed a significant reduction in HMW-TPO isoforms at MMI concentrations of 1 microM and above (p < 0.01), whereas monomeric TPO expression was unchanged. We observed a similar reduction in HMW-TPO in CHO-TPO cells cultured in propylthiouracil (10 microM and above). Binding of Graves' disease patient sera and TPO-Fabs to enzymatically active TPO that was captured onto solid phase was not abrogated by MMI. The cellular localisation of TPO in CHO-TPO cells was unchanged by MMI treatment. Our demonstration of homodimeric TPO and the reduction in HMW-TPO isoforms during thionamide treatment of CHO-TPO cells shows, for the first time, an effect of thionamides on TPO structure. This suggests a structural correlate to the effect of thionamides on TPO enzymatic activity and opens up a novel potential mechanism for thionamide immunomodulation of autoimmune thyroid disease.
22 citations
TL;DR: Female rats were found to possess significantly greater 5-hydroxytryptophane dcearboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities than the males, and no sex difference was noted in brain 5- Hydroxytryptamine content.
Abstract: Male and female Wistar rats (125–175 gm.) were fed for 21 days ad libitum diets of a meal containing 0.15% strong desiccated thyroid, 0.15% propylthiouracil, or meal alone. Neither thyroid nor propylthiouracil feeding significantly altered brain 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, or monoamine oxidase in either sex. Female rats were found to possess significantly greater 5-hydroxytryptophane dcearboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities than the males. No sex difference was noted in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine content.
22 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that soy sterols, at a moderate concentration potentially ameliorates hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus, but at higher concentration it may exert adverse effects.
22 citations