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Protein sparing

About: Protein sparing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 282 publications have been published within this topic receiving 11767 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent studies have shown that insulin levels in fish are similar to or often higher than those observed in mammals, thus indicating that fish are not diabetic as previously thought.

796 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The focus then shifts to selected aspects of hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and dietary carbohydrates and their variable effects on glycogen and glucose turnover, and the correlation of dietary carbohydrates with fish health.
Abstract: The utilisation of dietary carbohydrates and their effects on fish metabolism are reviewed. Details on how dietary carbohydrates affect growth, feed utilisation and deposition of nutrients are discussed. Variations in plasma glucose concentrations emphasizing results from glucose tolerance tests, and the impact of adaptation diets are interpreted in the context of secondary carbohydrate metabolism. Our focus then shifts to selected aspects of hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and dietary carbohydrates and their variable effects on glycogen and glucose turnover. We analyse the interaction of carbohydrates with other nutrients, especially protein and protein sparing, and de novo synthesis of lipids, and finish by discussing the correlation of dietary carbohydrates with fish health.

736 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this trial indicate that an increase of dietary lipid level from 12 to 24% did not improve growth performance and feed efficiency of sea bass juveniles, and the increase of Dietary lipid level beyond 12% had no beneficial effects.

335 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that keys to understanding the relationship between dietary protein and carbohydrates are the relationships between the branched-chain amino acid leucine and insulin and glucose metabolism, which produce protein sparing and provide a stable glucose environment with low insulin responses during energy-restricted periods.
Abstract: Diets with total protein intake >1.5 g.kg(-1).d(-1) and carbohydrate intake <150 g/d are effective for treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome. These diets improve body composition and enhance glycemic control. During weight loss, protein-rich diets reduce loss of lean tissue and increase loss of body fat. Specific mechanisms to explain each of these clinical outcomes remain to be fully elucidated. We propose that keys to understanding the relationship between dietary protein and carbohydrates are the relationships between the branched-chain amino acid leucine and insulin and glucose metabolism. Leucine is known to interact with the insulin signaling pathway to stimulate downstream signal control of protein synthesis, resulting in maintenance of muscle protein during periods of restricted energy intake. Leucine also appears to modulate insulin signaling and glucose use by skeletal muscle. Whereas total protein is important in providing substrates for gluconeogenesis, leucine appears to regulate oxidative use of glucose by skeletal muscle through stimulation of glucose recycling via the glucose-alanine cycle. These mechanisms produce protein sparing and provide a stable glucose environment with low insulin responses during energy-restricted periods.

325 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Zhen-Yu Du1, Y.-J. Liu1, L.-X. Tian1, Ji-Teng Wang1, Yitao Wang1, G.-Y. Liang1 
TL;DR: Grass carp is a fish with low energy requirement and excess dietary lipid level should be avoided, in conclusion.
Abstract: A study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary lipid level on growth, feed efficiency and body chemical composition of juvenile grass carp. Seven isonitrogenous diets (400 g kg(-1) crude protein) containing seven dietary lipid level (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g kg(-1) dry matter) were fed to triplicate groups of 40 fish with initial weight 6.52 g, for 70 days. No obvious and assured essential fatty acid deficiency symptom appeared in fish fed the lipid-free diet. Excess dietary lipid level (100 and 120 g kg(-1)) resulted in decreased feed intake. The best growth performance and feed utilization was observed in fish fed 20-40 g kg(-1) dietary lipid. The fish fed a lipid-free diet had the lowest protein efficiency and protein retention. Growth performance and feed utilization increased with the increasing dietary lipid levels up to 40 g kg(-1) dietary lipid. Higher dietary level (above 40 g kg(-1)) made growth performance and feed utilization decrease and no protein sparing effect was observed. Lipid retention decreased as dietary lipid level increased. Mesenteric fat index (MFI) increased, hepatosomatic index (HSI) decreased with dietary lipid level. The increased MFI and simultaneous decrease lipid retention can be explained by differences in growth. The effect of dietary lipid levels on the chemical composition of tissues was significant only for whole body and muscle. The excess lipid content of liver in all groups was regarded as a slight symptom of fatty liver, which was partly identified by microscopic structural study and lower plasma lipid indexes, comparing to the initial plasma data. In conclusion, grass carp is a fish with low energy requirement and excess dietary lipid level should be avoided.

291 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20215
20205
20192
20182
201713
20167