Topic
Proteotoxicity
About: Proteotoxicity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 549 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23151 citations.
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01 Aug 2018
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe key pathways and players in MPQC, such as mitochondrial protein translocation-associated degradation, mitochondrial stress responses, chaperones, and proteases, and how they work together to safeguard mitochondrial health and integrity.
Abstract: Mitochondria are energetic and dynamic organelles with a crucial role in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling. Mitochondrial proteins, encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, must be properly regulated to ensure proteostasis. Mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) serves as a critical surveillance system, employing different pathways and regulators as cellular guardians to ensure mitochondrial protein quality and quantity. In this review, we describe key pathways and players in MPQC, such as mitochondrial protein translocation-associated degradation, mitochondrial stress responses, chaperones, and proteases, and how they work together to safeguard mitochondrial health and integrity. Deregulated MPQC leads to proteotoxicity and dysfunctional mitochondria, which contributes to numerous human diseases, including cancer. We discuss how alterations in MPQC components are linked to tumorigenesis, whether they act as drivers, suppressors, or both. Finally, we summarize recent advances that seek to target these alterations for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the segregated functions of S1P and S2P in terms of cell homeostasis and maintenance of the connective tissues, and provide experimental data that point at S 2P, but not S 1P, as a critical regulator of cell adaptation to proteotoxicity or lipid imbalance.
4 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that PDE1 inhibition induces PKA- and PKG-mediated promotion of proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins in cardiomyocytes and protects against cardiac proteinopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Abstract: No current treatment is intended to target cardiac proteotoxicity or can reduce mortality of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a prevalent form of heart failure (HF). Selective degradation of misfolded proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is vital to the cell. Proteasome impairment is recently implicated in HF genesis. Activation of the cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) or the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathways facilitates proteasome functioning. Phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) hydrolyzes both cyclic nucleotides and accounts for the majority of PDE activities in human myocardium. Here we report the preclinical therapeutic efficacy and a new mechanism of action of PDE1 inhibition (IC86430) for cardiac proteinopathy caused by Arg120Gly missense mutant αB-crystallin (CryABR120G). In mice expressing GFPdgn, an inverse reporter of UPS proteolytic activity, IC86430 treatment increased myocardial 26S proteasome activities and substantially decreased GFPdgn protein levels. Myocardial PDE1A expression was highly upregulated in CryABR120G mice. HFpEF was detected in CryABR120G mice at 4 months; IC86430 treatment initiated at this stage markedly attenuated HFpEF, substantially delayed mouse premature death, increased myocardial levels of Ser14-phosphorylated Rpn6, and reduced the steady state level of the misfolded CryAB species in these mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, IC86430 treatment increased proteasome activities and accelerated proteasomal degradation of GFPu and CryABR120G in a PKA- and PKG- dependent manner. We conclude that PDE1 inhibition induces PKA- and PKG-mediated promotion of proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins in cardiomyocytes and effectively treats HFpEF caused by CryABR120G; hence, PDE1 inhibition represents a potentially new therapeutic strategy for HFpEF and heart disease with increased proteotoxic stress. One Sentence Summary PDE1 inhibition enhances proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins in a PKA and PKG dependent manner and protects against cardiac proteinopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
4 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the role of mRNA-binding proteins and their associated messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) in several disease states is given, and one conclusion reached is that mRNPs may play a causal role in proteotoxicity instead of being merely passive targets.
Abstract: In this mini-review we give an overview of the role of mRNA-binding proteins and their associated messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) in several disease states, and bring this information to bear on the pathophysiology of brain ischemia. One conclusion reached is that mRNPs may play a causal role in proteotoxicity instead of being merely passive targets. Ischemia therapies targeting mRNPs have advantages over targeting single pathways, but the behavior of mRNPs needs to be considered in the design of therapies.
4 citations