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Protoplast

About: Protoplast is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 122468 citations.


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TL;DR: The chloroplast DNA of all hybrid plants was of the donor type suggesting that chloropstroke transfer by asymmetric protoplast fusion can overcome problems associated with large phylogenetic distances between parental plants.
Abstract: A series of fusion experiments were performed between protoplasts of a cytoplasmic albino mutant of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (ALRC), and gamma-irradiated protoplasts of L. hirsutum and the Solanum species S. commersonii, S. etuberosum and S. nigrum. These species were chosen for their different phylogenetic relationships to tomato. In all fusion combinations except from those between ALRC and S. nigrum, green calli were selected as putative fusion products and shoots regenerated from them. They were subsequently analyzed for their morphology, nuclear DNA composition and chloroplast DNA origin. The hybrids obtained between ALRC and L. hirsutum contained the chloroplasts of L. hirsutum and had the flower and leaf morphology of L. esculentum. After Southern blot analysis, using 13 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) randomly distributed over all chromosomes, all hybrids showed L. esculentum hybridization patterns. No chromosomes of L. hirsutum were found. These results indicate that these hybrids were true cybrids.The putative asymmetric hybrids, obtained with S. commersonii and S. etuberosum, showed phenotypic traits of both parents. After hybridization with species-specific repetitive nuclear DNA probes it was found that nuclear material of both parents was present in all plants. In the case of S. nigrum, which combination has the greatest phylogenetic distance between the fusion parents, no hybrid plants could be obtained. The chloroplast DNA of all hybrid plants was of the donor type suggesting that chloroplast transfer by asymmetric protoplast fusion can overcome problems associated with large phylogenetic distances between parental plants.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A hybrid CaMV genome containing a selectable marker gene was constructed by replacing the gene VI coding region with the aminoglycoside (neomycin) phosphotransferase type II [APH(3′)II] gene from Tn5.
Abstract: A hybrid Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) genome containing a selectable marker gene was constructed by replacing the gene VI coding region with the aminoglycoside (neomycin) phosphotransferase type II [APH(3′)II] gene from Tn5. This modified viral genome was tested for its infectivity both in planta and in a protoplast transformation system of Brassica campestris var. rapa. Stable, genetically transformed cell lines of B. campestris var. rapa were obtained after transformation. DNA of the hybrid CaMV genome was found to be integrated into high molecular weight plant genomic DNA. Transformation was achieved only when the hybrid genome was supplied together with wild type viral DNA. A possible complementation of the modified CaMV genome with the wild type viral DNA as a helper molecule in planta and in the protoplast system is discussed.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Flow cytometry, which requires individualized or single cell preparations, is particularly adapted to studies of protoplast biology and enables measurement of several parameters in single protoplasts at a high rate of analysis.
Abstract: Flow cytometry, which requires individualized or single cell preparations, is particularly adapted to studies of protoplast biology. It has been developed at three levels: descriptions of populations, measurement of cell function, and positive car negative selection of rare protoplast types. It enables measurement of several parameters in single protoplasts at a high rate of analysis. Without protoplast purification, excellent resolution of subpopulations is still possible. The quantitative data obtained can each protoplast normally have relative units but absolute calibration of intensity scale is available

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Most clones showed improved alkaloid production in relation to the parentclone, but the mean hyoscyamine content of the clones was the same as that of the parent clone, and all the studied hairy root clones showed relatively stable alkaloids production during long-term cultivation.
Abstract: Substantial somaclonal variation in growth rate, morphology, and alkaloid production of Hyoscyamus muticus L. hairy root clones obtained by transformation with four Agrobacterium strains was shown. The hyoscyamine content of the root clones (n = 100) obtained from the same origin varied from 0.03 to 0.59% of dry weight. The clones produced 25-320 times less scopolamine than hyoscyamine. The best producing root clone was used as a starting material for protoplast isolation. The hyoscyamine content of protoplast-derived hairy root clones (n = 171) ranged from 0.04 to 1.45 % of dry weight. Most clones showed improved alkaloid production in relation to the parent clone, but the mean hyoscyamine content of the clones was the same as that of the parent clone. All the studied hairy root clones showed relatively stable alkaloid production during long-term cultivation. No correlation was found between alkaloid production and growth rate or morphology of the clones.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patterns of phenotypic and chromosome variation and their origin were analysed in plants derived from protoplasts of various potato genotypes, suggesting the occurrence of chimerism due to chromosome structural rearrangements or gene mutations in only part of the plant.

44 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202358
2022153
202160
202060
201978
201855