Topic
Protoplast
About: Protoplast is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 122468 citations.
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TL;DR: Somatic hybrid plants were produced by protoplast fusion of navel orange and ‘Murcott’ tangor and showed hybridity of the plants was confirmed by the restriction endonuclease analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA.
Abstract: Somatic hybrid plants were produced by protoplast fusion of navel orange and ‘Murcott’ tangor. Hybridity of the plants was confirmed by the restriction endonuclease analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All of the plants (16 clones) were normal, uniform, and had the amphidiploid chromosome number of 36 (2n=2x=18 for each parent). The cpDNA analysis showed that each of the 16 somatic hybrids contained either one parental chloroplast genome or the other. In all cases, the mitochondrial genomes of the regenerated somatic hybrids were of the navel orange type.
43 citations
TL;DR: In the present paper attempts were made to induce chromosome doubling of ‘Meiwa’ kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) protoplasts and ‘Frost’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) embryogenic callus via colchicine treatment, demonstrating presence of toxicity to cells.
Abstract: In the present paper attempts were made to induce chromosome doubling of ‘Meiwa’ kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) protoplasts and ‘Frost’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) embryogenic callus via colchicine treatment. Colchicine decreased protoplast viability, delayed protoplast division and inhibited callus growth, indicating presence of toxicity to cells. Cell lines established from ‘Meiwa’ protoplasts treated with 0.01 and 0.1% colchicine for 8, 16 and 24 h at each concentration showed different responses when they were cultured on embryoid-induction medium. Flow cytometry (FCM) demonstrated that tetraploids were detected in cell lines and embryoids from all of the treatments, with the highest frequency being 19.23%. As for ‘Frost’, tetraploid cells were only detected when the callus was treated with 0.1% colchicine for either 4 or 8 days, from which plantlets were regenerated. FCM and chromosome counting confirmed them as true tetraploids. The diploid cells were more active in mitotic division during a 12-day culture and smaller in size than their tetraploid counterpart. Potential applications of the novel tetraploid germplasms obtained through in vitro chromosome doubling to citrus cultivar improvement are discussed.
43 citations
TL;DR: Protoplast were isolated from a filamentous brown alga using alginate-lyases extracted from marine molluscs, and commercial pectinase and cellulase, and could be readily identified based on their size and pigmentation.
Abstract: Protoplast were isolated from a filamentous brown alga, Sphacelaria sp. (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyta), using alginate-lyases extracted from marine molluscs, and commercial pectinase and cellulase. Yields were about 4000 protoplasts per gram of fresh tissue. Different types of protoplasts, originating from apical, subapical, nodal and internodal cells, could be readily identified based on their size and pigmentation. Apical cells produced a higher percentage of protoplasts (approx. 2%), compared with other cell types. All apical-cell protoplasts regenerated into new thalli and most other types of protoplasts divided at least once in culture, but did not develop further.
43 citations
TL;DR: Protoplasts have been obtained from vegetative thallus of the green seaweed Enteromorpha following enzymic digestion with driselase and pectinase and measurements of O2 uptake and evolution were taken.
Abstract: Protoplasts have been obtained from vegetative thallus of the green seaweed Enteromorpha following enzymic digestion with driselase and pectinase. The viability of purified protoplast fractions was assessed by staining and measurements of O2 uptake and evolution.
43 citations
TL;DR: The chapter describes mutant isolation and selection as mutants are utilized in understanding biochemical and developmental processes in microorganisms for their potential value in plant biology.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter examines recent developments in plant cell culture and genetics, particularly in the context of their possible role in plant improvement. The potential value of these developments is found on the basis that plant cells can be cultured under defined conditions, biochemical mutants can be isolated, somatic hybrids can be obtained by protoplast fusion, haploid cell lines and/or plants can be obtained, and cell cultures can be induced to regenerate fertile plants. The chapter discusses plant cell tissue culture and examines the nutritional and environmental requirements of plant cells in culture. Plant tissue culture media consists of inorganic salts, trace elements, vitamins, a carbon source for energy, and plant growth regulators. A technique known as “freeze-preservation” is discussed to store plant cell cultures. This technique is of particular value to cell culture genetics, because any genetic program will sooner or later have a battery of cell culture mutants that need to be stocked. The chapter describes mutant isolation and selection as mutants are utilized in understanding biochemical and developmental processes in microorganisms for their potential value in plant biology.
43 citations