Topic
Protoplast
About: Protoplast is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 122468 citations.
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TL;DR: Protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens were isolated by enzymatic degradation of cell walls under the combined influence of two polygalacturonases, resulting in cell wall regeneration and development to typical haploid plants.
36 citations
TL;DR: Protoplasts obtained from suspension cultures are stable in culture and do not undergo lipid peroxidation, due to a decrease in lipoxygenase activity and increases in catalase and peroxidase activity after protoplast isolation.
Abstract: Cereal leaf protoplasts are often extremely unstable in culture and usually lyse within 24 hours. Using the thiobarbituric acid test and the ferrous thiocyanate test we have shown that corn (Zea mays L. cv. Market Beauty) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Benito) leaf protoplasts accumulate peroxides and peroxide degradation products during culture. This increase correlated with an increase in lipoxygenase activity. On the other hand, enzymes involved in detoxification of peroxides such as catalase and peroxidase decreased during culture. The occurrence of lipid peroxidation in leaf protoplasts is likely to be a consequence of a temporary imbalance in the enzymes involved in oxygen metabolism. It has previously been shown that the lipoxygenase inhibitor n-propyl gallate stabilizes the protoplasts in culture and so peroxidation is likely to be the cause of leaf protoplast instability. Protoplasts obtained from suspension cultures are stable in culture and do not undergo lipid peroxidation. This stability is due to a decrease in lipoxygenase activity and increases in catalase and peroxidase activity after protoplast isolation.
36 citations
TL;DR: Five cell lines exhibited distribution patterns in chromosome number with different peaks and ranges, and more cells with normal chromosome sets were maintained in protoplast-derived colonies than in source suspension cells of the same culture age.
Abstract: Numerical and structural chromosome variation was analysed in dividing protoplasts isolated from suspension cells of barley. Five cell lines exhibited distribution patterns in chromosome number with different peaks and ranges. Embryogenic/morphogenic cell lines showed a peak at 2n = 14 (ca. 50%) after 6–7 months in culture, while older non-embryogenic cell lines had peaks at aneuploid or polyploid chromosome numbers. Culture duration had a clear effect on numerical and structural chromosome variation in embryogenic cell lines. With ageing of the cultures chromosome variation accumulated and the proportion of 2n = 14 cells decreased. The effect of protoplast isolation and culture on chromosome variation was examined; more cells with normal chromosome sets (12%) were maintained in protoplast-derived colonies than in source suspension cells (4%) of the same culture age.
36 citations
TL;DR: Cell lines selected for tolerance to one agent (sodium salt, potassium salt or mannitol) showed minimal tolerance to another agent, however, when plants were regenerated from salt- orMannitol-tolerant callus and new cultures derived from them, the new cultures showed tolerance to all of the salts andmannitol.
Abstract: Colt cherry (Prunus avium x pseudocerasus) callus cultures were derived from leaf protoplasts, protoplasts of root cell suspension cultures, or by direct culture of leaf and root tissues. Survival of calli cultured on basal proliferation medium containing 25, 50, 100 or 200 mN (millinormal) NaCl, Na(2)SO(4) or KCl, or iso-osmotic (with NaCl) concentrations of mannitol ranged from 1 to 15%. After six transfers on the same medium, surviving cell lines were subjected to three cycles of direct recurrent selection; i.e., in each cycle, they were cultured alternately on basal proliferation medium, and on basal proliferation medium supplemented with NaCl, KCl, Na(2)SO(4) or mannitol. Salt- or mannitol-tolerant cell lines selected in this way had smaller cells than unselected cell lines, and they grew more rapidly and had higher callus and cell survival rates than unselected cell lines when cultured in the presence of salt or mannitol. Cells lines selected for tolerance to one agent (sodium salt, potassium salt or mannitol) showed minimal tolerance to another agent. However, when plants were regenerated from salt- or mannitol-tolerant callus and new cultures derived from them, the new cultures showed tolerance to all of the salts and mannitol. Plant regeneration from the new cultures was not achieved under the conditions that led to the regeneration of the parent plants from callus.
36 citations
TL;DR: Protoplasts from Medicago leaves, seedling cotyledons and seedling roots have been compared in terms of their release, cultural behaviour and morphogenetic ability, and Somatic embryogenesis required a similar culture medium sequence in the three protoplast systems.
36 citations