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Protoplast

About: Protoplast is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 122468 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rates at which the parameters Vv(f, c) and Sv(p,c) changed during arbuscule development and degeneration were similar and the amount of encasement and host cell cytoplasm showed the greatest variation among host species.
Abstract: SUMMARY A quantitative light and electron microscope study of developing and degenerating arbuscules of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum (Thax. sensu Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe in Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Avena sativa L. (oats) was carried out in order to estimate three parameters during the colonization cycle and to compare these parameters to those in Zea mays L. The parameters are: (1) Vv (f,c), the fraction of the host cell volume (c) occupied by a volume of fungus (f); (2) Vv,(cy, c), the fraction of the host cell volume occupied by host cytoplasm (cy); (3) Sv(p,c) the surface area-to-volume ratio of the host protoplast (p) to the whole host cell. Uninfected cortical cells of wheat had an Sv,(p,c) of 0.11 μm2μm −3 and those of oats 0.10 μm2μm −3. As the fungus penetrates the cell wall, the protoplast invaginates, causing a decrease in protoplast volume and an increase in St. In wheat this increase reached 1.17 μm2μm−3 and in oats, 1.04 μm2μm−3. When the arbuscule is mature, the fungus occupies 35% of the cell in wheat with 20% as branches and 15% as trunk. In oats, the fungus occupies 36% of the cell, with 23 % as branches and 13 % as trunk. In wheat, host cell cytoplasm was initially 39 % and increased to 21.6% and in oats, from 3.6 to 28.8%. These values are similar to those observed in Zea mays. The rates at which the parameters Vv(f,c) and Sv(p,c) changed during arbuscule development and degeneration were similar. The amount of encasement and host cell cytoplasm showed the greatest variation among host species.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Intact vacuoles were isolated from petals of Hippeastrum and Tulipa and the ATPase activity of fresh vacuole suspensions was found to be 2--3 times that of protoplasts from the same tissue.

117 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report of reproducible plant regeneration from leaf protoplasts of non-seedling origin of a tree species and it was dependent on providing a stress-free culture environment which included eliminating ammonium, agar, exudate build-up, and light during the culture period.

116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The suitability of root protoplasts for genetic manipulations in the genus Brassica is discussed and plant regeneration was obtained from protoplast derived tissues of B. napus and B. oleracea, but only rhizogenesis was observed with B. campestris.

116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The unusual chromosome numbers found in the parasexual hybrids may have been due primarily to triple fusions followed by losses during callus growth, accompanied by selection for a particular range of aneuploidy favorable for development of plantlets from calli.
Abstract: Protoplasts of Nicotiana glauca and N. langsdorffi were prepared from leaf tissue by enzymatic digestion and were fused with the aid of polyethylene glycol. The mixed population of protoplasts was grown first on an enriched medium (M3 of Kao, et al.) and was then transferred to a medium lacking phytohormones, which selects against the parental types. A total of 174 calli that grew on the hormoneless medium were obtained. Mature flowering plants were differentiated from 19 different calli, and more than one from three of these, making 23 regenerated plants in all. Each of the plants was shown to be a parasexual hybrid in that it formed tumors; and the corolla, leaf, and plant habit were similar to, but somewhat different from, the amphiploid produced by cross pollination. The parasexual hybrids were examined cytologically and, instead of the amphiploid number 42, they were found to have a range of from 56 to 64 chromosomes, which accounted for the different characteristics observed. At meiosis mostly bivalents were formed and pollen fertility was high, averaging 84 percent. Seeds or progeny have been obtained from 16 of the hybrids. The unusual chromosome numbers found in the parasexual hybrids may have been due primarilymore » to triple fusions (giving 60-66 chromosomes) followed by losses during callus growth, accompanied by selection for a particular range of aneuploidy (2n = 56 to 64) favorable for development of plantlets from calli.« less

114 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202358
2022153
202160
202060
201978
201855