Topic
Protoplast
About: Protoplast is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 122468 citations.
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TL;DR: Phenotypic expression of different genes controlling resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tomato was analysed in the protoplast system using otherwise isogenic breeding lines and homozygous gene Tm-1 was able to express its effect in protoplasts as well as in leaf discs.
Abstract: Summary Phenotypic expression of different genes controlling resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tomato was analysed in the protoplast system using otherwise isogenic breeding lines. Genes Tm-2 and Tm-22 were not expressed and did not prevent TMV-L, a common tomato strain of TMV, infecting and multiplying. By contrast, homozygous gene Tm-1 was able to express its effect in protoplasts as well as in leaf discs; no virus progeny were detected by fluorescent antibody staining or by infectivity assay up to 3 days after inoculation with TMV-L. Protoplasts and leaf discs homozygous for Tm-1, however, became infected with TMV-CH2, a tomato strain able to overcome the effects of Tm-1 in intact plants. Protoplasts from Lycopersicon peruvianum P. I. 128650, known to have a high level of resistance to TMV, were as readily infected with TMV-L, and synthesized progeny virus as rapidly as protoplasts from susceptible tomato. This genotype seems to have no resistance expressible in isolated protoplasts.
82 citations
TL;DR: Induction and growth of callus from seeds, stems and pieces of leaf of Arabidopsis thaliana were successful on a Gamborg B 5 medium and on a modified B 5medium and the morphogenetic potential appeared to depend on the age of the callus in culture.
82 citations
TL;DR: Results concerning the analysis and genesis of these plants are used to discuss the question whether such monster plants are of any importance.
Abstract: After fusion of somatic cells (isolated protoplasts) of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica campestris, plants could be regenerated in which genetic material from parents of taxonomically different tribes is combined. Between these regenerants asymmetric hybrids have also been obtained, in which one parental genome is represented by reduced chromosome numbers. Results concerning the analysis and genesis of these plants are used to discuss the question whether such monster plants are of any importance.
81 citations
TL;DR: Thirty-four somatic hybrids were produced; they were characterized for morphology, phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes, ribosomal DNA hybridization patterns, chromosome numbers, and organelle composition.
Abstract: Fusion of leaf protoplasts from an inbred line of Brassica oleracea ssp. botrytis (cauliflower, n=9) carrying the Ogura (R1) male sterile cytoplasm with hypocotyl protoplasts of B. campestris ssp. oleifera (cv “Candle”, n=10) carrying an atrazine-resistant (ATR) cytoplasm resulted in the production of synthetic B. napus (n=19). Thirty-four somatic hybrids were produced; they were characterized for morphology, phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes, ribosomal DNA hybridization patterns, chromosome numbers, and organelle composition. All somatic hybrids carried atrazine-resistant chloroplasts derived from B. campestris. The mitochondrial genomes in 19 hybrids were examined by restriction endonuclease and Southern blot analyses. Twelve of the 19 hybrids contained mitochondria showing novel DNA restriction patterns; of these 12 hybrids, 5 were male sterile and 7 were male fertile. The remaining hybrids contained mitochondrial DNA that was identical to that of the ATR parent and all were male fertile.
81 citations
TL;DR: With the modified transformation procedures using DNA prepared from homologous hosts, S. ambofaciens and S. fradiae are now transformed routinely at frequencies of 10(6) to 10(7) transformants per micrograms of plasmid DNA.
Abstract: A procedure for efficient transformation of Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces fradiae protoplasts with plasmid DNA was developed. Transformation frequencies with S. fradiae protoplasts were strongly influenced by the temperatures for cell growth, protoplast formation, and protoplast regeneration. Transformation frequencies for both species were also influenced by the culture age before protoplast formation, the source and concentration of polyethylene glycol, the transformation-inducing agent, the concentration of protoplasts used in the transformation procedure, and the number of protoplasts added to regeneration plates. Transformation frequencies were substantially higher for both species when calf thymus DNA and protamine sulfate were added to the transformation mix. With S. fradiae, transformation frequencies were much lower with plasmid DNA prepared from other species than with the same plasmids prepared from S. fradiae, suggesting that S. fradiae expresses restriction and modification. With the modified transformation procedures using DNA prepared from homologous hosts, S. ambofaciens and S. fradiae are now transformed routinely at frequencies of 10(6) to 10(7) transformants per micrograms of plasmid DNA.
81 citations