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Protoplast

About: Protoplast is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 122468 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1980-Planta
TL;DR: Protoplasts were prepared from pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves throughout development and their contents spread in a monolayer to determine the number of chloroplasts per cell, which correlated with previous results on the percentage of chloroplast DNA per cell.
Abstract: Protoplasts were prepared from pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves throughout development and their contents spread in a monolayer to determine the number of chloroplasts per cell. This approach permitted the rapid analysis of more than 100 cells at each stage of development. The average number of chloroplasts per cell increased from 24±10 to 64±20 during greening and expansion of the first true foliage leaves; all cells containing chloroplasts apparently increase their chloroplast number. A parallel increase in the amount of DNA per nucleus was not observed. As the leaves senesced the chloroplast number gradually decreased to 44±12. We have correlated these changes with our previous results on the percentage of chloroplast DNA per cell. Chloroplast multiplication resulted in a 2.7-fold dilution (from 272 to 102) of the number of copies of the chloroplast DNA molecule per plastid.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Oct 1977-Science
TL;DR: Findings suggest that cell turgor affects membrane components that determine cellular potential, and both Elodea leaf cells and tobacco protoplasts with regenerated cell walls became more electronegative during deplasmolysis.
Abstract: The internal electrical potential of protoplasts from six different plant species was positive. Plasmolyzed cells of leaves had positive voltages of similar magnitude. Both Elodea leaf cells and tobacco protoplasts with regenerated cell walls became more electronegative during deplasmolysis. These findings suggest that cell turgor affects membrane components that determine cellular potential.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first successful transfer of a target fruit-quality gene by protoplast transformation with recovery of transgenic plants in citrus and has the advantage over Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in that it requires no antibiotic-resistance genes.
Abstract: Valencia orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] is the leading commercial citrus species in the world for processed juice products; however, the presence of thermostable pectin methylesterase (TSPME) reduces its juice quality. A long-term strategy of this work is to eliminate or greatly reduce TSPME activity in Valencia orange. Previous work resulted in the isolation of a putative TSPME gene, CsPME4, associated with a thermostable protein fraction of Valencia orange juice. To begin research designed to overexpress CsPME4 to verify the thermostability of the protein product and/or to downregulate the gene, a sense gene cassette containing a gene-specific sequence from a putative TSPME cDNA and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a selectable marker was constructed (M2.1). In the work reported here, M2.1 plasmid DNA was transformed (polyethylene glycol-mediated) into protoplasts isolated from an embryogenic suspension culture of Valencia somaclone line B6-68, in an effort to obtain transgenic Valencia lines. A vigorous transformed line was identified via GFP expression, physically separated from non-transformed tissue, and cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction medium. One transgenic proembryo expressing GFP was recovered and multiple shoots were regenerated. The recovery of multiple transgenic plants was expedited by in vitro grafting. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the presence of the PME gene in transgenic plants, and subsequent Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the eGFP gene. These transgenic plants show normal growth and minor morphological variation. The thermostability of PME in these plants will be assessed after flowering and fruit set. This is the first successful transfer of a target fruit-quality gene by protoplast transformation with recovery of transgenic plants in citrus. This method of transformation has the advantage over Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in that it requires no antibiotic-resistance genes.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The status of various developments in seaweed protoplasts research and their potentials in genetic improvement of seaweeds are reviewed, along with needs that must to be fulfilled for effective realization of the objectives envisaged for protoplast research.
Abstract: Protoplasts are living plant cells without cell walls which offer a unique uniform single cell system that facilitates several aspects of modern biotechnology, including genetic transformation and metabolic engineering. Extraction of cell wall lytic enzymes from different phycophages and microbial sources has greatly improved protoplast isolation and their yield from a number of anatomically more complex species of brown and red seaweeds which earlier remained recalcitrant. Recently, recombinant cell wall lytic enzymes were also produced and evaluated with native ones for their potential abilities in producing viable protoplasts from Laminaria. Reliable procedures are now available to isolate and culture protoplasts from diverse groups of seaweeds. To date, there are 89 species belonging to 36 genera of green, red and brown seaweeds from which successful protoplast isolation and regeneration has been reported. Of the total species studied for protoplasts, most belonged to Rhodophyta with 41 species (13 genera) followed by Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta with 24 species each belonging to 5 and 18 genera, respectively. Regeneration of protoplast-to-plant system is available for a large number of species, with extensive literature relating to their culture methods and morphogenesis. In the context of plant genetic manipulation, somatic hybridization by protoplast fusion has been accomplished in a number of economically important species with various levels of success. Protoplasts have also been used for studying foreign gene expression in Porphyra and Ulva. Isolated protoplasts are also exploited in numerous miscellaneous studies involving membrane function, cell structure, bio-chemical synthesis of cell walls etc. This article briefly reviews the status of various developments in seaweed protoplasts research and their potentials in genetic improvement of seaweeds, along with needs that must to be fulfilled for effective realization of the objectives envisaged for protoplast research.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Leaf-derived protoplasts isolated from in vitro grown seedlings of Fortunella crassifolia Swing cultivar ‘Meiwa’ were fused chemically with protoplast isolated from embryogenic suspension cultures of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cultivars to confirm the somatic hybridity of recovered tetraploids.

68 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202358
2022153
202160
202060
201978
201855