Protoplast

About: Protoplast is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5474 publications have been published within this topic receiving 122468 citations.

Efficient regeneration from cotyledon protoplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract: An efficient and fast regeneration system from cotyledon protoplasts was established for Arabidopsis thaliana accessions C24, Columbia, and Wassilewskija. Culture conditions and media compositions were optimised for the development of protoplasts embedded in thin alginate layers. Unexpectedly, the absence of cytokinins had a positive effect on cell development. Moreover, combined adjustment of α-naphthylacetic acid and dicamba concentrations resulted in high plating efficiencies of up to 30%, followed by shoot regeneration within only 19 days after protoplast isolation. The protocol is reproducible, efficient, extremely fast, and regenerated plants are fertile. Thus, this cotyledon-based system could prove useful for studying plant cell and molecular biology in A. thaliana.

In Vitro Plant Breeding

Abstract: Contents * Foreword * Preface * Chapter 1. Introduction * Types of In Vitro Culture * Applications of Plant Tissue Culture * Chapter 2. Morphogenesis/Organogenesis * Introduction * Plant Growth * Cellular Differentiation * Morphogenesis * Chapter 3. Micropropagation * Definition * Stages in Micropropagation * Commercial Micropropagation * Applications of Micropropagation * Chapter 4. Haploid Plant Production In Vitro * Anatomy of Anther * Anther Culture * Androgenesis * Chapter 5. In Vitro Pollination and Fertilization * Development of Female Gametophyte * Pollination * Fertilization * Embryo Culture * Chapter 6. Somatic Hybridization Using Protoplast Technology * Introduction * Uses of Protoplast Technology * Obtaining Protoplasts * The Culture of Protoplasts * The Cytoplasmic Genomes * Common Potential of Protoplast Fusion * Chapter 7. Cell Culture and Selection of Desirable Traits * Selection of Naturally Occurring Variants in Culture * General Selection Strategies * Chapter 8. In Vitro Mutagenesis * Types of Mutagens * Determining the Type and Suitable Concentration of Mutagens * The Choice of Plant Tissues for In Vitro Mutagensis * Chapter 9. The Origin, Nature, and Significance of Variation in Tissue Culture * Introduction * The Basis of Somaclonal Variations * Causes of Somaclonal Variations * Use of Somaclonal Variation in Breeding * Prevention of Somaclonal Variation * Chapter 10. Cryopreservation and Plant Breeding * Introduction * Theory and Technology * Cryopreservation Protocols for Cold-Hardy and Non-Cold-Hardy Species * Storage and Thawing * Equipment for Cryopreservation * Practical Issues and Strategies Toward Improved Cryoprotection * Chapter 11. In Vitro Micrografting * Definition of Micrografting * Analysis of Compatibility and Incompatibility Phenomena * Chapter 12. In Vitro Flowering: Its Relevance to Plant Breeding * Factors Influencing In Vitro Flowering * Plant Growth Regulators * Mineral Nutrients and Other Medium Components * Explant, Light, and Other Variables * Application of In Vitro Flowering to Plant Breeding * Chapter 13. In Vitro Tuberization * Introduction * Factors Controlling Microtuber Production * Practical Aspects of In Vitro Tuberization * Chapter 14. Molecular Plant Breeding * Types of Molecular Markers * Major Objectives of Molecular Breeding * Applications of Molecular Markers in Plant Breeding * Case Study: Application of Molecular Markers in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Breeding * References * Index

Natural protoplast Dunaliella as a source of protein.

Abstract: The protein content of once-washed pellets of Dunaliella primalecta was 35 to 48%. Protein quality was good. Electron microscopy confirmed the absence of a cell wall.

Intertribal hybrid cell lines of Atropa belladonna (X) Nicotiana chinensis obtained by cloning individual protoplast fusion products.

Abstract: After fusion of isolated mesophyll protoplasts of belladonna (Atropa belladonna) with callus protoplasts of Chinese tobacco (Nicotiana chinensis) followed by mechanical isolation and cloning of individual heteroplasmic fusion products, 13 cell clones were obtained. The hybrid nature of most of the clones has been confirmed by biochemical (studies of amylase isozymes), cytogenetic (size and morphology of chromosomes) and physiological (peculiarities of cell-growth in vitro) analyses. Study of chromosomes and isozyme patterns in the hybrid cell lines revealed the presence of both parental genomes, without an indication of chromosome elimination, six months after hybridization. In 4 cell lines shootlike structures and plantlets have been produced by means of transfer to organogenesis-inducing media. The data obtained are interpreted as new evidence for the possibility of using non-sexual hybridization for the production of intergeneric, intertribal plant hybrids which cannot be obtained by sexual crossing. From these results the potential of Atropa (X) Nicotiana hybrids as a model system for genetic studies of distantly related plant species is discussed.

Use of amino acid analogue-resistant cell lines for selection of Nicotiana sylvestris somatic cell hybrids.

Abstract: Nicotiana sylvestris cell lines resistant to the amino acid analogues S-2-aminoethyl-cysteine (AECR), or 5-methyl-tryptophan (5MTR), were isolated in suspension culture. Assuming these resistances to be dominant, we have attempted to determine if such variant cell lines can be used to select double resistant somatic cell hybrids. A total of 1.8 × 104 control calli from mixed AECR and 5MTR protoplasts, and AECR and 5MTR homokaryotic fusions were placed on double analogue selection, but none survived. Eight somatic hybrid calli (0.8%), able to grow without inhibition on the double analogue selection medium, were obtained after AECR + 5MTR protoplast fusion. These were further determined as hybrids on the basis of resistance level, chromosome number, and chlorophyll content, all characteristics differing in the parental cell lines.