Showing papers on "Prototype filter published in 2020"

Computationally Efficient Cosine Modulated Filter Bank Design for ECG Signal Compression

Abstract: In this work, computationally efficient and reliable cosine modulated filter banks (CMFBs) are designed for Electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression. First of all, CMFBs (uniform and non-uniform) are designed using interpolated finite impulse response (IFIR) prototype filter to reduce the computational complexity. To reduce the reconstruction error, linear iteration technique is applied to optimize the prototype filter. Then after, non-uniform CMFB is used for ECG data compression by decomposing ECG signal into various frequency bands. Subsequently, thresholding is applied for truncating the insignificant coefficients. The estimation of the threshold value is done by examining the significant energy of each band. Further, Run-length encoding (RLE) is utilized for improving the compression performance. The method is applied to MIT-BIH arrhythmia database for performance analysis of the proposed work. The experimental observations demonstrate that the proposed method has accomplished high compression ratio with the admirable quality of signal reconstruction. The proposed work provides the average values of compression ratio (CR), percent root mean square difference (PRD), percent root mean square difference normalized (PRDN), quality score (QS), correlation coefficient (CC), maximum error (ME), mean square error (MSE), and signal to noise ratio (SNR) are 23.86, 1.405, 2.55, 19.08, 0.999, 0.12, 0.054 and 37.611 dB, respectively. The proposed 8-channel uniform filter bank is used to detect the R-peak locations of the ECG signal. The comparative analysis shows that beats (locations and amplitudes) of both signals (original and reconstructed signals) are same.

CMOS Millimeter-Wave Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter With Three Reflection-Zeros Using Compact Single TFMS Coupled-Line Hairpin Unit

Abstract: In this brief, a modified coupled-line (CL) hairpin unit topology with short-circuited ends is proposed to design a compact millimeter-wave ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF). Thin film microstrip configuration is used for the implementation of CL hairpin unit. The passband return loss bandwidth is enhanced by three attenuation poles achieved by appropriately selecting a single set of CL impedances. Explicit design equations along with graphs are provided by using even-and-odd mode analysis. A prototype filter is fabricated using 0.35- ${\mu }\text{m}$ BiCMOS technology. The fabricated UWB BPF achieves an extended passband from 25 GHz to 95 GHz around 60 GHz with more than 115% fractional bandwidth along with a wide return loss bandwidth. The filter size is very small with the overall width comparable to the width of a 50 ${\Omega }$ line. The measured results are in good agreement with those of predicted ones up to 110 GHz.

Genetic Algorithm Based Bilayer PTS Scheme for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of FBMC/OQAM Signal

Abstract: Partial transmit sequence (PTS) scheme has been well applied to reduce the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. However, due to the signal structure differences between the filter bank multicarrier and offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) signal and the OFDM signal, the conventional PTS scheme is not applicable to the FBMC/OQAM signal. Considering the PAPR reduction issue for the FBMC/OQAM signal, this paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based bilayer partial transmit sequence (GA-BPTS) scheme. In order to reduce the computational complexity, the proposed scheme continues to partition each subblock, transforming the single layer structure of the conventional PTS into a bilayer phase factor search structure, and introduces a penalty threshold. Then the suboptimal phase factor vector is obtained by using the GA. Meanwhile, before PAPR reduction processing, aided by the proposed prototype filter which has the better performance of out-of-band attenuation than the PHYDAYS filter, the GA-BPTS scheme can effectively reduce the PAPR of the FBMC/OQAM signal. The simulations have confirmed that the proposed scheme not only provides an excellent PAPR performance but also decreases the computational complexity compared with the conventional PTS scheme.

Wavelength-Division Demultiplexing Enhanced by Silicon-Photonic Tunable Filters in Ultra-Wideband Optical-Path Networks

Abstract: With the recent growth of network traffic demands, a high-capacity optical-path network based on reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) is highly desirable. Among the various technologies available, extending the useable frequency band is one of the most promising solutions since it can enlarge the network capacity with relatively small signal-quality degradation. However, increasing the number of wavelength signals detracts flexible signal-drop capabilities of the ROADM because the effective dynamic range of the digital coherent receiver is restricted by the number of wavelength signals input to the receiver. To overcome this difficulty, we adopt the ROADM structure that sets an optical wavelength-tunable filter in front of each receiver. This scheme retains the effective receiver dynamic range even if a large number of wavelength signals are multiplexed. In this paper, we demonstrate flexible signal drop in a C+L-band optical-path network by using an optical wavelength-tunable filter implemented on a single silicon-photonic chip. The prototype filter is monolithically implemented in conjunction with an input-port selector so as to reduce the total system loss. The filter comprises multiple asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers for wavelength tuning and symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers for input-port selection. Its effectiveness is experimentally confirmed by measuring the bit-error ratios of 32-Gbaud/100-Gbps dual-polarization quadrature-phase-shift-keying signals and 32-Gbaud/200-Gbps dual-polarization 16-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation signals. A single wavelength signal is extracted out of 285 wavelength signals multiplexed over the C+L band and successfully demodulated with negligible penalty in terms of the optical signal-to-noise ratio. The net fiber capacity reaches 57 Tbps.

Analytical Synthesis of Fully Canonical Cascaded-Doublet Prototype Filters

Abstract: This letter presents an analytical procedure for the synthesis of a low-pass prototype filter constituted by the cascade of doublet blocks coupled by inverters or shunt reactances. The considered doublet is a second-order resonating structure composed of two resonant and two nonresonant nodes which allow the placement of two finite transmission zeros (TZs) in the frequency response. The considered configuration allows realizing compact fully canonical filters with the maximum number of TZs (the doublets are typically implemented through dual-mode cavities). The proposed procedure introduces for the first time an analytical procedure for synthesizing the low-pass prototype of the cascaded-block topology, overcoming the time consuming and inaccurate procedures currently based on numerical optimization. Two synthesis examples are presented to validate the novel synthesis procedure.

A Novel Filter Structure to Suppress Circulating Currents Based on the Sequence of Sideband Harmonics for High-Power Interleaved Motor-Drive Systems

Abstract: In this paper, a novel filter structure to suppress circulating currents is proposed based on the sequence of pulsewidth modulation voltage harmonics for high-power interleaved motor-drive systems. The sideband harmonics can be divided into positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence components. Through 120° interleaving among three paralleled inverters, a majority of positive- and negative-sequence harmonics are phase shifted. By these phase shifts, the differential-mode circulating currents between the paralleled ac–dc converters can be suppressed with the proposed filters, which have an identical structure to the three-phase common-mode chokes. Such a structure highly benefits the design and manufacturability for high-power applications where a choice of magnetic-core shapes is limited. Compared to coupled inductors (CIs) with cyclic-cascade or monolithic configurations, the number of magnetic cores can be reduced by one-third. Peak flux-linkages of the proposed filters and the conventional CIs were compared to estimate the size reduction in case of flux-limited designs. Considering the whole modulation index range, which may be required in the motor-drive systems, the maximum flux-linkage can be reduced by 50%. Prototype filters are built and showed a 33% reduction in weight and size compared to the conventional CIs. The validity of the proposed filter is verified through the simulation and a small-scale experiment.

Low-Complexity Channelizer Based on FRM for Passive Radar Multi-channel Wideband Receiver

Abstract: The low-complexity channelizer is essential in passive radar multi-channel wideband receiver using array antennas The digital filter bank is usually used to realize the channelizer In the paper, a low-complexity channelizer based on frequency response masking (FRM) is proposed to reduce the high computational complexity of the narrow transition bandwidth filter bank A half-band filter is used to design the prototype filter of the proposed low-complexity channelizer based on FRM Compared to the maximally decimated filter bank, the decimation coefficient of the non-maximally decimated filter bank can be different from the number of channels, which makes the low-complexity channelizer more flexible The low-complexity channelizer based on FRM can be directly applied to a wideband receiver without the limit of the sampling rate The simulation and complexity analysis results show that the proposed low-complexity channelizer is correct and significantly reduces computational and hardware complexities The proposed low-complexity channelizer makes it possible to implement passive radar multi-channel wideband receiver on a single hardware processor; thus, it is suitable to applied in passive radar multi-channel wideband receiver using array antennas

An Overview of FIR Filter Design in Future Multicarrier Communication Systems

Abstract: Future wireless communication systems are facing with many challenges due to their complexity and diversification. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in 4G cannot meet the requirements in future scenarios, thus alternative multicarrier modulation (MCM) candidates for future physical layer have been extensively studied in the academic field, for example, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC), filtered OFDM (F-OFDM), and so forth, wherein the prototype filter design is an essential component based on which the synthesis and analysis filters are derived. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the recent advances of finite impulse response (FIR) filter design methods in MCM based communication systems. Firstly, the fundamental aspects are examined, including the introduction of existing waveform candidates and the principle of FIR filter design. Then the methods of FIR filter design are summarized in details and we focus on the following three categories—frequency sampling methods, windowing based methods and optimization based methods. Finally, the performances of various FIR design methods are evaluated and quantified by power spectral density (PSD) and bit error rate (BER), and different MCM schemes as well as their potential prototype filters are discussed.

Unpolarized resonant notch filters for the 8-12 µm spectral region.

Abstract: The long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral region spanning ∼8−12µm is useful for many scientific and industrial applications As traditional multilayer film components are not straightforwardly realized at these bands, we provide design, fabrication, and testing of polarization independent bandstop filters based on the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect Focusing on the zero-contrast grating architecture, we successfully fabricate prototype filters in the Ge-on-ZnSe materials system Applying mask-based photolithography and dry etching, photoresist patterns form the desired Ge grating structures The resulting devices exhibit clean transmittance nulls and acceptably high sidebands Moreover, we verify polarization independent notch filtering by assembling two identical GMR filters with gratings oriented orthogonally This approach to realize effective GMR elements will be useful for various fields including photonic and optoelectronic devices operating in the LWIR region

A Novel Bandwidth Reconfigurable Waveguide Filter for Aerospace Applications

Abstract: This letter presents a novel configuration of a high- $Q$ bandwidth (BW) reconfigurable waveguide (WG) filter tuned with only two tuning elements regardless of the filter order. The filter is realized in rectangular WG technology and is capable to tune the BW without deviating the center frequency. Furthermore, the configuration is scalable to higher order filters without the need for additional tuning mechanisms. For the proof of concept, a four-pole prototype filter is designed, fabricated, and tested at the Ku -band. The measured BW tunability of the filter is nearly 35% from 225 to 320 MHz. The center frequency remains unaltered at 13.375 GHz over the BW range.

Short-Filter Design for Intrinsic Interference Reduction in QAM-FBMC Modulation

Abstract: The waveform design for beyond 5G mobile communication networks is a challenge due to asynchronous and heterogeneous scenarios. Compared to OFDM, superior spectrum confinement must be considered for future radio access technologies. Due to its characteristics, QAM-FBMC is a potential candidate. We propose a method to design a short optimal filter for QAM-FBMC system in order to reduce the total interference at the receiver. We model the total interference with and without channel effects, and describe the optimization procedure for the prototype filter design. Performance results show that the designed filters outperform QMF, NPR and Gaussian filters.

Design of QAM-FBMC Waveforms Considering MMSE Receiver

Abstract: Due to its high spectral confinement characteristics and spectral efficiency, QAM-FBMC is considered a candidate waveform to replace CP-OFDM. QAM-FBMC has inevitable non-orthogonality both in time and frequency, and the system and filter must be well-designed to minimize the interferences. However, existing QAM-FBMC studies utilize a matched filter as the receiver filter, which is not suitable for a non-orthogonal system. Therefore, in this letter, we design the prototype filters considering the MMSE criterion, and propose a system providing the highest SINR in QAM-FBMC which cannot avoid non-orthogonality. In addition, we confirm that the proposed filters show best performance at target SNR than the reference filters.

A Filter Theory Approach to the Synthesis of Capacitive Power Transfer Systems

Abstract: Resonant-coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are typically modelled as circuits with inductively or capacitively coupled resonators. In a two resonator system, the transmit and receive resonators are linked by a coupling coefficient, and the coupling can be adjusted for critical coupling, over coupling, and under coupling. In this work, we show that the coupled resonator structure is equivalent to a filter structure and we provide a demonstration of how filter theory can be used to design a capacitive WPT system. An advantage of this approach is it provides access to a wide range of canonical structures and methods of impedance scaling to realize matched links. We show that the critical coupled WPT link is equivalent to a Butterworth maximally flat filter and that the overcoupled WPT link is equivalent to a Chebyshev filter. There is a relationship between frequency bandwidth in a filter design and spatial bandwidth in a WPT link. Therefore, the filter context can be used to synthesize wideband filters which are more robust to spatial variation than narrowband filters.

A Dual-Mode Frequency Reconfigurable Waveguide Filter with a Constant Frequency Spacing between Transmission Zeros

Abstract: This paper presents a novel frequency reconfigurable dual-mode waveguide filter with elliptic response. The proposed filter maintains a constant absolute bandwidth and a constant rejection bandwidth (frequency spacing between transmission zeros) over the tuning range. Furthermore, the filter can be tuned using a single tuning mechanism. A 4th order prototype filter at 11.5 GHz with 50 MHz bandwidth and 2 symmetric transmission zeros (± 45 MHz) is fabricated and measured. The measured tuning range of the filter is 390 MHz within which the absolute bandwidth variation is within ±1 MHz. In-addition, the measured frequency spacing between the transmission zeros varies well within ±2 MHz over the entire tuning range. The proposed filter promises to be useful for flexible payloads in aerospace applications.

MMSE-Interference Canceling Receiver for QAM-FBMC Systems

Abstract: Quadrature amplitude modulation-filter-bank multi-carrier (QAM-FBMC) technology, which utilizes a non-orthogonal pulse-shaping filter, has high spectral confinement characteristics and spectral efficiency, and it is considered as a candidate waveform to replace cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM). However, the QAM-FBMC system suffers from performance degradation due to the non-orthogonal filter no matter how well the prototype filter is designed. In this letter, we propose the interference-canceling algorithm for QAM-FBMC with an MMSE receive filter. The proposed algorithm effectively mitigates the performance degradation caused by the non-orthogonal filters of QAM-FBMC systems, and it closely achieves the performance of CP-OFDM system in moderate SNR region. Also, the proposed algorithm performs the symbol-wise detection, which allows practical implementation without system delay.

Short Prototype Filter Design for OQAM-FBMC Modulation

Abstract: Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation based Filter-Bank Multicarrier (OQAM-FBMC) has gained research interest for future wireless communication. Conventional OQAM-FBMC systems are mainly designed with long filters that offer better spectral shape. However, latency is also another key parameter when considering low response systems. Therefore, in this context, short prototype filters should be applied for OQAM-FBMC. In this letter, we propose to design short filters with low undesirable spectral emission by using an optimization method. In this approach, we propose a novel objective function to be minimized. Simulation results show that the proposed filters exhibit better behavior in comparison with the existing short filters.

Closed-Form Bit Error Probabilities for FBMC Systems

Abstract: This paper analyses the data reconstruction effects emerged from the deployment of non-perfect prototype filters in Filter Bank MultiCarrier (FBMC) systems operating over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and frequency-flat Rayleigh channels considering frequency-flatness for each subcarrier. This goal is attained by studying the Bit Error Rate (BER) effects of the prototype filters, increasing the scenario complexity progressively. Despite the complexity, both exact and approximate Bit Error Probability (BEP) expressions portray the BER degradation analytically for any FBMC prototype filter. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed BEP expressions match perfectly with the simulated BER performance for FBMC systems, regardless of the prototype filter choice.

Transceiver Design for GFDM with Hexagonal Time-Frequency Allocation Using the Polyphase Decomposition

Abstract: Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is a waveform for the next-generation communication systems to succeed in the drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The symbols of users are transmitted with the time- and frequency-shifted versions of a prototype filter. According to filtering operation, the computational complexity and processing load are high for the devices that suffer from energy consumption. The communication systems are required to support the new generation devices that need low energy consumption and low latency issues. Motivated by such demands of the next-generation communication system, we propose a novel GFDM waveform that we call hexagonal GFDM. The contributions of the hexagonal GFDM are that it: (i) supports short transmission time based on its hexagonal time–frequency allocations; and (ii) provides low latency communication with low computational complexity manner. Furthermore, we design a transmitter and receiver structure in a less complicated way with mathematical derivation by using polyphase decomposition and Fourier transform (FT) transformation. The proposed systems are realized analytically and investigated over Rayleigh fading channel model through computer simulations.

Closed-Form Bit Error Probabilities for FBMC Systems

Abstract: This paper analyses the data reconstruction effects emerged from the deployment of non-perfect prototype filters in Filter Bank MultiCarrier (FBMC) systems operating over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and frequency-flat Rayleigh channels considering frequency-flatness for each subcarrier. This goal is attained by studying the Bit Error Rate (BER) effects of the prototype filters, increasing the scenario complexity progressively. Despite the complexity, both exact and approximate Bit Error Probability (BEP) expressions portray the BER degradation analytically for any FBMC prototype filter. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed BEP expressions match perfectly with the simulated BER performance for FBMC systems, regardless of the prototype filter choice.

Genetic Algorithm Based Prototype Filter Design for Oriented Side Lobe Energy Suppression in FBMC System

Abstract: The prototype filter design problem is investigated for the filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) system of the fifth generation (5G) physical-layer wireless communications. In order to further suppress the side lobe energy within a certain frequency range, different constraint factors need to be introduced to meet the various side lobe energy suppression demands. In this paper, we formulate a dual-objective optimization problem which minimizes the stopband energy with constrained factors and subjects to the ISI/ICI constraints. Considering the uncertain constrained factors, a suboptimization problem is proposed by constraining the total stopband energy and the side lobe energy of the first segment to minimize the side lobe energy of the second or the third segments. Then, the nested sequential quadratic program-genetic algorithm (NSGA), one of the artificial intelligence (AI) aided algorithms, is introduced to obtain the optimal solution of the dual-objective problem, in which the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to acquire the optimal constrained factors and the sequential quadratic program (SQP) is applied to acquire the optimal filter coefficients. Numerical results validate that the proposed method can achieve orientated side lobe energy suppression at specified segments for satisfying different side lobe energy suppression requirements with the confirmed algorithm convergence.

3-D Metal Printed High-Q Folded Waveguide Filter With Folded Antenna

Abstract: This paper presents a novel compact filtering antenna The high-Q Fan-Shaped Folded Waveguide resonator is utilized to design four-pole quasi elliptic bandpass prototype filter which obtained lower insertion and return loss Then for utilizing space effectively, folded antenna is integrated with the filter As a result, the filtering antenna not only owns very compact size but also enjoys flat high gain in the passband For experiments demonstration, metal 3-D printing techniques was adopted due to the complex inside structures The final measurements have shown interesting and promising results, which are presented in this paper

A low-complexity 3-level filter bank design for effective restoration of audibility in digital hearing aids

Abstract: A low-complexity method for sub-band decomposition of audio signals in digital hearing aids for audibility restoration applications is described in this paper. This 3-level filter bank is capable of generating an array of 4, 8, and 16 sub-filters from a single finite impulse response filter. The prototype low pass filter is accomplished using the Parks McClellan algorithm with a minimal number of 28 multipliers. Fractional interpolation technique is utilized to generate more number of sub-bands with narrow bandwidth from the prototype filter. This filter bank can be used for patients with any degree of hearing impairment to compensate his audiogram. The selection of filter bank is based on the rate of change of impairment recorded in the audiogram. Apart from reduced complexity, the developed filter bank has the advantage of requiring only minimal hardware, which makes the implementation of cost-effective hearing aids a reality.

An All-metal Capacitive Coupling Structure for Coaxial Cavity Filters

Abstract: In this paper, a novel capacitive coupling structure for coupled resonator filters is proposed and experimentally verified. Instead of using a metal dumbbell probe that is pinched by a PTFE dielectric block for electrical coupling, the proposed coupling structure uses a dumbbell probe that is mounted on a grounded metal ‘lamp-pole’ stand. This all-metal structure is mechanically and thermally stable and is with a high power handling capability. The circuit model of the coupling structure is analyzed to reveal the basic electrical properties of the coupling structure. In addition to an EM designed 6-pole coaxial resonator filter with two TZs, a 3-pole prototype filter with one transmission zero (TZ) is manufactured and tested to demonstrate that the proposed coupling structure can be a viable option in realizing capacitive cross couplings in coaxial resonator filters.

Efficient Orthogonal Bicomplex Bilinear DSP Algorithm Design

Abstract: This present paper describes the development of a new technique for designing orthogonal bicomplex Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms. In contrast to those previously reported on, this novel method is of universal application while being unaffected by either the type or the order of the real digital processing algorithm employed as a prototype. The proposed technique builds on Watanabe and Nishihara’s complex orthogonal transformation, and converts real or complex orthogonal transfer functions into bicomplex orthogonal ones. In this work, the new technique is applied to the design and testing of orthogonal bilinear bicomplex filters with a canonical number of elements, which main advantage is that they are several times lower in order. In this way, bilinear bicomplex orthogonal transfer functions are made up of real coefficient ones of the fourth-order, thereby reducing the order of the filter by a factor of four. The experiments demonstrate that the properties of the prototype filter are acquired by the bicomplex orthogonal filters, irrespective of the prototype being complex or real in nature.

Compact UWB BPF with a notched band using a single perturbed HMSIW cavity

Abstract: This paper presents a notched band ultra-wideband bandpass filter using a single perturbed quint-mode half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide cavity. The cavity is perturbed by loading four stubs at two corners of the magnetic walls of the single cavity. The variable parameters of stubs are selected to move down the first five resonant modes to the predetermined passband during the design process. Meanwhile, microstrip lines with a transition structure located on two loaded stubs are employed to feed the resonator. Moreover, the filter also firstly designs a notched band by introducing a complementary split-ring resonator inside the cavity to mitigate potential interference signals at 8 GHz (satellite communication). Finally, a prototype filter was implemented and measured to verify.

A Computationally Efficient 11 Band Non-Uniform Filter Bank for Hearing Aids Targeting Moderately Sloping Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Abstract: A computationally efficient 11 band non-uniform filter bank addressing low or moderately sloping sensorineural hearing loss - the most common type of hearing problem- is proposed. This structure is suitable for low cost, small area implementations of hearing aids. The computational efficiency is achieved by adopting the Frequency Response Masking technique, which uses only two prototype filters with a total of 19 multipliers at 80dB stopband attenuation for the design of entire non-uniform filter bank. The computational complexity analysis shows that the proposed method provides about a 70-90% reduction in computational resources compared to non-FRM methods and about a 40-80% reduction in computational resources compared to the other FRM methods. The audiogram matching performance analysis shows that the matching error of the proposed filter bank is negligible even without optimization. The delay performance of the filter bank is acceptable for both Closed Canal Fittings and Open Canal Fittings.

Two Channel Quadrature Mirror Filter Design: A Sine Cosine Algorithm Based Approach

Abstract: During the last few decades multi-rate signal processing and filter banks pay very much attention to the researchers in the field of signal processing Quadrature mirror filter banks (QMF) a kind of two channel filter banks are widely used today in the many areas of signal processing like low frequency biomedical signal processing, image processing, speech processing and communication In order to design the two channel QMF bank, the coefficients of the filter banks are to be optimized In this paper a new optimized method known as Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) is used to optimize the coefficients of prototype filter bank The prototype filter bank is considered to get the response characteristics of ideal system in line with the response characteristics of the prototype filter bank The SCA is used to optimize the fitness function which is formed with the help of square error at the pass band, square error at the stop band and filter bank response at the quadrature frequency The Sine Cosine Algorithms (SCA) is a recently proposed optimization algorithm where sine and cosine are the two trigonometric functions are used It is one global optimization which is used to modify a set of candidate solutions The optimization through SCA, balances between exploration and exploitation to find the optimal solution very fast by minimizing the fitness function The performance of the proposed method is analysed through mean square error (MSE) in the pass band and stop band and reconstruction error (RE) A comparison with the other optimization techniques is also presented in this paper Two design examples are considered to prove the efficacy of the proposed algorithm

Design of Two Channel Quadrature Mirror Filter using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

Abstract: In this paper a two channel quadrature mirror filter(QMF) bank design method is proposed using Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) The CSA is used to optimize the coefficients of prototype filter bank in order to match the response characteristics of the prototype filter bank with the ideal system response The weighted sum of square error at the pass band, square error at the stop band and filter bank response at the quadrature frequency are used to formulate the objective function The CSA is used as the constrained nonlinear optimization tool to solve the objective function The performance of the proposed method is analysed through mean square error (MSE) in the pass band and stop band and reconstruction error (RE) A comparative statement has been prepared between the different optimization techniques for optimization of coefficients of QMF Two examples are considered to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm