Showing papers on "Proxy (statistics) published in 1979"

The Wage Effects of Marital Status and Children

Abstract: Using data from the ninth wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, changes in the wage effects of marital status and number-of-children for workers of the same race and sex are analyzed as more refined measures of work experience, training, and labor force attachment are substituted for conventional measures of these factors. The results indicate that number-of-children is a good proxy variable for differential work history and labor market attachment among white women, and that marital status is not a proxy for such differences among any of the four major race/sex subgroups of workers, including white women. Overall, the findings suggest that, controlling for numerous aspects of worker qualifications, workers with greater financial responsibilities to their families receive higher wages.

Voting Weights as Power Proxies: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results

Abstract: It is widely known that the voting weights of members in a voting body are not good proxies for their influence or power within the body. The question that arises, however, is how bad a proxy are they?

Proxy methods and compounds for workplace monitoring of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: A proxy compound of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is a measurable compound that represents a very large complex group of PAH compounds that are found in nearly all real life samples. In studies of biological impact, the proxy should be the limiting toxicant in terms of dose-effect. The use of benzo(a)pyrene as a direct proxy in the study of PAH compounds is evaluated. Carbon monoxide as an indicator gas for monitoring in confined areas and as a proxy compound for PAH is evaluated. A fluorescent spot test for rapidly estimating general levels of PAH in organic solvents is discussed as an indirect proxy method. A direct proxy method using a room temperature phosphorescence technique for detection of naphthalene is presented. Non-real time techniques involving chromatography and spectroscopy are also discussed. (DC)

Proxy Response in Social Surveys

Abstract: A common method of reducing costs in both personal and mail surveys is to require one member of a household to provide information about himself personally and about others in the household by proxy. In personal interviewing, where the cost of interviewer time in locating an individual forms a substantial proportion of the final cost of the survey, the use of proxy respondents has a greater relative value than in postal work, where once an address has been selected the cost of approaching an individual there remains constant. As we preferred to conduct personal interviews in our study (cf. Chapter 5), for reasons of response rate and quality of data collected, we decided to test the effect of using proxy respondents in a personal interview. We were concerned to discover not only the extent of the information loss which might result from using proxy respondents to provide information about all members of a household, but of equal importance was the need to investigate what kinds of biased reporting, if any, might result, and whether such bias or random loss could be reduced by selecting a particular household member as respondent.