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Proxy (statistics)

About: Proxy (statistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94504 citations. The topic is also known as: proxy variable & proxy measurement.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the economic consequences associated with the board of director's choice of whether to adhere to proxy advisory firm policies in the design of stock option repricing programs and found that repricing firms following the restrictive policies of proxy advisors exhibit statistically lower market reactions to the repricing, lower operating performance, and higher employee turnover.

29 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze whether free school meal status is a valid proxy for socio-economic status when conducting schools-related research, and conclude that it is not the case.
Abstract: This paper analyses whether free school meal (FSM) status is a valid proxy for socio-economic status when conducting schools-related research.

29 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that sociodemographic variables cannot be considered a suitable proxy for environmental values, and thus that behavior-change campaigns might be more impactful when focused on alternative segmentation strategies in relation to environmental aims.
Abstract: Given the importance of environmental values (altruistic, biospheric, and egoistic) to pro-environmental behavior, it would be useful to segment the population - an approach known as market segmentation - to tailor pro-environmental messages more effectively. Sociodemographic variables are popular targets for segmentation, as such variables are often knowable in the absence of more nuanced information about individuals. However, evidence for the relationship between sociodemographics and environmental values is sparse, and contradictory. We examined the extent to which popular sociodemographic variables (gender, age, income, education, urbanization level, and political orientation) were predictive of environmental values for 11,820 participants across seven European countries. Overall, sociodemographics were hardly related to environmental values. Only gender and political orientation were weakly but significantly related to environmental values, whereby men and right-wingers showed weaker altruistic and biospheric, and stronger egoistic, values than women and left-wingers. We conclude that sociodemographic variables cannot be considered a suitable proxy for environmental values, and thus that behavior-change campaigns might be more impactful when focused on alternative segmentation strategies in relation to environmental aims.

29 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the use of the travel cost method will always underestimate the true benefits provided by recreation at a site because of the role of congestion and identify a source of bias in measuring benefits of outdoor recreation.

29 citations

Patent
06 Apr 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a system and method for enabling the efficient accessing of Java objects and methods by legacy GUIs is described, which provides a base proxy object that encapsulates JNI APIs necessary for calling Java methods across the JNI boundary.
Abstract: A system and method for enabling the efficient accessing of Java objects and methods by legacy GUIs is disclosed. The system and method provide a base proxy object that encapsulates the JNI APIs necessary for calling Java methods across the JNI boundary. Legacy proxy objects proxy the Java objects and enable legacy GUIs to issue method requests as if the legacy proxy objects were fully functional objects. The legacy proxy objects receive method requests from the GUIs and call base proxy object methods that in turn make the necessary JNI API calls to call Java methods.

29 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,242
20222,473
2021334
2020262
2019250
2018282