Proxy (statistics)

About: Proxy (statistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94504 citations. The topic is also known as: proxy variable & proxy measurement.

A financial sophistication proxy for the Survey of Consumer Finances

Abstract: The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) contains detailed US household balance sheet information and is frequently used to study outcomes in household finance. There is no variable that explicitly measures financial sophistication in the SCF. We propose a factor score composed of four questions that can serve as a proxy of financial sophistication to correct a possible important omitted variable bias. The results using the sophistication factor show how controlling for financial sophistication provides a more precise estimate of the marginal effects of control variables such as education and race.

Fuzzing Requests And Responses Using A Proxy

Abstract: A system for fuzzing requests and responses using a proxy includes a client that may include a client application, a server that may include a server application, and a proxy coupled between the client and the server The proxy communicates message traffic between the client and the server related to testing the client application or the server application The proxy is adapted to store a template resulting from the message traffic into a data store to facilitate later fuzzing of requests or responses contained in the message traffic A user interface for presenting events resulting from the fuzzing is also described

Advertisement proxy method and advertisement proxy mediating system

Abstract: An advertisement proxy mediating computerized system has a function of storing in storage means an advertisement execution proxy condition that an advertisement client registers, a function of storing in storage means an advertisement proxy condition that an advertising agency who advertises on behalf of the advertisement client registers, a function of allowing the advertisement client or advertising agency to search the storage means for an advertisement execution proxy condition or an advertisement proxy condition that accords with a desired condition and to output the condition, and a function of allowing the advertisement client or advertising agency to negotiate or make a contract with an advertising agency or an advertisement client who has entered the advertisement execution proxy condition or an advertisement proxy condition The system can use a network as intervention and has a function of determining whether or not to permit input or output of information on the basis of identification ID and a password

Predicting Generated Story Quality with Quantitative Measures

Abstract: The ability of digital storytelling agents to evaluate their output is important for ensuring high-quality human-agent interactions. However, evaluating stories remains an open problem. Past evaluative techniques are either model-specific--- which measure features of the model but do not evaluate the generated stories ---or require direct human feedback, which is resource-intensive. We introduce a number of story features that correlate with human judgments of stories and present algorithms that can measure these features. We find this approach results in a proxy for human-subject studies for researchers evaluating story generation systems.

Private Ordering and the Proxy Access Debate

Abstract: This Article examines two “meta” issues raised by opponents of the SEC’s proposal to provide shareholders with rights to place director candidates on the company’s proxy materials. First, opponents argue that, even assuming proxy access is desirable in many circumstances, the existing no-access default should be retained and the adoption of proxy access arrangements should be left to opting out of this default on a company-by-company basis. This Article, however, identifies strong reasons against retaining no-access as the default. There is substantial empirical evidence indicating that director insulation from removal is associated with lower firm value and worse performance. Furthermore, when opting out from a default arrangement serves shareholder interests, a switch is more likely to occur when it is favored by the board than when disfavored by the board. We analyze the impediments to shareholders’ obtaining opt-outs that they favor but the board does not, and we present evidence indicating that such impediments are substantial. The asymmetry in the reversibility of defaults highlighted in this Article should play an important role in default selection. Second, opponents of the SEC’s proposed reforms argue that, if the SEC adopts a proxy access regime, shareholders should be free to opt out of this regime. We point out the tensions between advocating such opting out and the past positions of many of the opponents, as well as tensions between opting out and the general approach of the proxy rules. Nonetheless, we support allowing shareholders to opt out of a federal proxy access regime, provided that the opt-out process includes necessary safeguards. Opting out should require majority approval by shareholders in a vote where the benefits to shareholders of proxy access are adequately disclosed, and shareholders should be able to reverse past opt-out decisions by a majority vote at any time. The implications of our analysis extend beyond proxy access to the choice of default rules for corporate elections, and to the ways in which shareholders should be able to opt out of election defaults. In particular, the current plurality voting default should be replaced with a majority voting default, and existing impediments to the ability of shareholders to opt out of arrangements that make it difficult to replace directors should be re-examined.