Proxy (statistics)

About: Proxy (statistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94504 citations. The topic is also known as: proxy variable & proxy measurement.

Measuring Distance-to-Default for Financial and Non-Financial Firms

Abstract: The following sections are included:INTRODUCTIONTHE DISTANCE-TO-DEFAULTESTIMATION METHODSThe Market Value Proxy MethodThe Volatility Restriction MethodThe KMV MethodThe Transformed-Data Maximum Likelihood Estimation MethodOther Liabilities and the Transformed-Data MLE Estimation MethodCONCLUSIONNOTESREFERENCES

Measuring short-run uncertainty of outcome in sporting leagues - a comment.

Abstract: We note the recurrence of errors in specifying an econometric proxy for short-run uncertainty of outcome in sporting fixtures. This research note aims to prevent the spread of these errors because ...

The Wisdom of the Robinhood Crowd

Abstract: Robinhood investors increased their holdings in the March 2020 COVID bear market, indicating an absence of collective panic and margin calls. This steadfastness was rewarded in the subsequent bull market. Despite unusual interest in some “experience” stocks (e.g., cannabis stocks), they tilted primarily toward stocks with high past share volume and dollar-trading volume (themselves mostly big stocks). From mid-2018 to mid-2020, an aggregated crowd consensus portfolio (a proxy for the household-equal-weighted portfolio) had both good timing and good alpha.

System and Method for Off-loading Online Meeting Updates Using Forward Proxy

Abstract: A system and method for batching individual content requests received from clients at a forward proxy, and sending a batch content request from the forward proxy to a collaboration server is presented. A forward proxy sends an authorization request to the collaboration server for authorization. In turn, the collaboration server verifies each of the clients and provides the forward proxy with a personalized cookie for each client. Subsequently, the forward proxy receives individual content request from different clients for the same content. The forward proxy includes personalized attributes for each of the requesting clients, which include the personalized cookies, in a batched content request to the collaboration server. The collaboration server generates a batch content response, which includes the requested content, and sends the batch content response to the forward proxy. In turn, the forward proxy parses the batched content response and sends the requested content to clients that requested the content.

The Effect of ESG Performance on Corporate Innovation in China: The Mediating Role of Financial Constraints and Agency Cost

Abstract: The effectiveness of environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) performance has been widely discussed and is often linked to corporate financial performance or firm value by academics and practitioners. However, a significant research gap remains unexplored; specifically, prior scholars have ignored path research about the effect of ESG performance on corporate innovation, and they have also ignored the impacts of the heterogeneity of stakeholders. Therefore, taking China’s A-share listed companies as an example, the research applied linear regressions with panel data, using the ESG rating of SynTao Green Finance Agency as a proxy variable of ESG performance. The results show that ESG performance significantly promotes the quantity and quality of corporate innovation and is mediated by alleviating the financial constraints and agency cost. Internal and external governance plays different roles; the higher institutional investors’ attention as an external governance form does not help enterprises improve the quantity and quality of corporate innovation; however, CEO duality as an internal governance form strengthens the effect of ESG performance on corporate innovation. This study provides scientific evidence for the effect and effect path of ESG performance on promoting proactive innovation based on sustainable development in China; furthermore, the study reveals the heterogeneity factors of ESG performance on the innovation effect under stakeholder theory.