Topic
Proxy (statistics)
About: Proxy (statistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94504 citations. The topic is also known as: proxy variable & proxy measurement.
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24 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors employ an unsupervised learning technique (i.e., topic modelling) utilizing natural language processing to extract information on companies' open innovation practices, creating an initial keyword basket for future development.
24 citations
01 Jan 2006
24 citations
Journal Article•
24 citations
TL;DR: The appointed health care proxy embodies both the legal empowerment of the patient and the moral authority of the physician, and the doctorproxy or doctor-surrogate relationship.
Abstract: t would be a mistake to say that only recently has the patient-physician dyad been expanded to admit other I decision-makers. This relationship has traditionally been augmented by the patient's interaction with close and trusted family and friends. In caring for patients who have lost the ability to act on their own behalf, doctors customarily turn for guidance and consent to those who understand and care about the patients.' Some cultures insist that important decisions, including those about medical care, be subjected to the collective wisdom of the family or even the larger communiqc2 The decision-making paradigm can thus be envisioned as a triad, supported by the ~a t ien t ,~ ' the physician, and the connected other(s). The elevation of patient autonomy to its present position focused attention on two of these three supportsfirst, the patient-physician4 and, second, the patient-proxy or patient-surrogate relationships.s\" The notion was that self-determination depended on the patient's assertion of his wishes either directly or though the agency of a substitute who would speak for him. The emphasis tended to be on narrowly defined advocacy for the patient's choices rather than collaboration on his behalf. What this view misses is the third support-the doctorproxy or doctor-surrogate relationship. When the patient loses decisional capacity, his voice is lost and the physician is faced with making evaluations and recommendations about someone whose values and goals may not be known. It is in these circumstances that the knowledgeable-and, we would argue, traditional-presence of the trusted other can be so valuable to the patient and the physician? The appointed health care proxy embodies both the legal empowerment of the patient and the moral authority of the
24 citations