Topic
Proxy (statistics)
About: Proxy (statistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94504 citations. The topic is also known as: proxy variable & proxy measurement.
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TL;DR: The investment-output ratio is often used as a regressor in empirical studies of economic growth, although Scott (1991) is the only serious proponent of its being theoretically appropriate to do so as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The investment-output ratio is often used as a regressor in empirical studies of economic growth, although Scott (1991) is the only serious proponent of its being theoretically appropriate to do so. Evidence is here adduced that when capital stock data are available they ought to be used in preference to investment data. In addition, many growth studies employ population data to proxy, rather poorly, a labour force variable, although no one has ever suggested that this is more than a pis aller. Evidence is presented here that this is an unsatisfactory procedure.
22 citations
03 Apr 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of homomorphic proxy re-authenticators is introduced, which allows distinct sources to authenticate their data under their own keys, and a proxy can transform these single signatures or message authentication codes (MACs) to a MAC under a receiver's key without having access to it.
Abstract: We introduce the notion of homomorphic proxy re-authenticators, a tool that adds security and verifiability guarantees to multi-user data aggregation scenarios. It allows distinct sources to authenticate their data under their own keys, and a proxy can transform these single signatures or message authentication codes (MACs) to a MAC under a receiver’s key without having access to it. In addition, the proxy can evaluate arithmetic circuits (functions) on the inputs so that the resulting MAC corresponds to the evaluation of the respective function. As the messages authenticated by the sources may represent sensitive information, we also consider hiding them from the proxy and other parties in the system, except from the receiver.
22 citations
21 citations
TL;DR: This paper will show that the Shum-Wei scheme cannot keep the property of the strong unforgeability, which is, not only the proxy signer but also the original signer can generate valid proxy signatures.
21 citations
20 Aug 2004
TL;DR: This paper provided a theoretical argument that relates the net expected gains from crime to a measure of income inequality (the Gini coefficient) and the mean income of a society, thereby clarifying the ambiguity.
Abstract: There is ambiguity in the empirical studies of crime economics regarding various income variables used to proxy the expected net gains from crime. As a result, the empirical findings are often mixed or contradictory to one another. This note provides a theoretical argument that relates the net expected gains from crime to a measure of income inequality (the Gini coefficient) and the mean income of a society, thereby clarifying the ambiguity. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
21 citations