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Proxy (statistics)

About: Proxy (statistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94504 citations. The topic is also known as: proxy variable & proxy measurement.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used secondary financial data to explore the relationship between supply chain and firm performance by developing a unified proxy for supply chain performance, which was used to validate the proxy using a sample frame comprising the annual reports of 117 publicly traded UK manufacturing firms from the period 1995 to 2004.
Abstract: Purpose – Supply chains directly influence the differentiation and cost of a firm's products and services and its exposure to risk. The purpose of this paper is to use secondary financial data to explore the relationship between supply chain and firm performance by developing a unified proxy for supply chain performance.Design/methodology/approach – Established econometric techniques were used to validate the proxy using a sample frame comprising the annual reports of 117 publicly traded UK manufacturing firms from the period 1995 to 2004.Findings – Increases in change in the proxy lead to an increase in change in the rate of return on capital employed and a change in the rate of cash‐to‐cash cycle length, both of which are traditional measures of improved supply chain management. Moreover, as the rate of change of the proxy increases, so does enterprise value at a level that is statistically significant, indicating that improving supply chain management practices has a positive impact upon improved firm ...

98 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, direct data on price and wage expectations are introduced, with a twofold objective: first, the expectations data are used directly as explanatory variables in wage equations to test the expectations hypothesis, and second, an attempt is made to explain the wage expectations series themselves.
Abstract: I ECENT research directed at. improving the theoretical underpinning of the Phillips curve relationship, has given rise to several new models of wage determination. One theory receiving considerable attention is the "expectations hypothesis," which suggests that the rate of change of money wages depends upon expectations of the future rate of change of prices and/or money wages, as well as the unemployment rate.' The absence of money illusion implies that these expectational variables should en'ter the wage equation with a coefficient equal to unity. This in turn would imply the absence of a long run money wage-unernployment trade-off, or equivalently, the existence of a long run, vertical Phillips curve that passes through the "natural" rate of unemployment. Unfortunately, direct observations on expectations are not widely available in which case a proxy variable needs to be substittuted for the expectations variable. In the literature, the typical solution to this problem is to assume that expectations of price and/or money wage changes are generated by a distributed lag on past values of these variables. This procedure, however, has important well-known limitations. In this paper, direct data on price and wage expectations are introduced. This is done with a two-fold objective. First, the expectations data are used directly as explanatory variables in wage equations to test the expectations hypothesis. In view of the difficulties of proxy expectational variables, the use of such direct expectational data are important in an empirical investigation of the theory. Secondly, an attempt is made to explain the wage expectations series themselves.2

98 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: A new concept of proxy signature scheme, which can diminish the computational cost and the amount of the memory, is presented and two concrete schemes, based on the Nyberg-Ruppel scheme and on the RSA scheme are proposed.
Abstract: Proxy signatures, which was proposed by Mambo, Usuda, and Okamoto in 1996, allow a designated person to sign on behalf of an original signer. In this paper, we present a new concept of proxy signature scheme, which can diminish the computational cost and the amount of the memory. This concept is suitable for the application of smart cards, whose processors and memories are rather limited even now. Furthermore, we propose two concrete schemes which are based on the Nyberg-Ruppel scheme and on the RSA scheme, respectively. We also consider the rigorous security of our proposed schemes by using the reduction among functions.

98 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: It is addressed that it is easy to design proxy signature and proxy blind signature from the conventional ID-based signature schemes using bilinear pairings, and some concrete schemes based on existed ID- based signature schemes are given.
Abstract: Proxy signatures are very useful tools when one needs to delegate his/her signing capability to other party After Mambo et al’s first scheme was announced, many proxy signature schemes and various types of proxy signature schemes have been proposed Due to the various applications of the bilinear pairings in cryptography, there are many IDbased signature schemes have been proposed In this paper, we address that it is easy to design proxy signature and proxy blind signature from the conventional ID-based signature schemes using bilinear pairings, and give some concrete schemes based on existed ID-based signature schemes At the same time, we introduce a new type of proxy signature – proxy ring signature, and propose the first proxy ring signature scheme based on an existed ID-based ring signature scheme

98 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,242
20222,473
2021334
2020262
2019250
2018282