Topic
Proxy (statistics)
About: Proxy (statistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94504 citations. The topic is also known as: proxy variable & proxy measurement.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, a new proxy for divergence of investors' opinions was proposed based on proprietary limit order and market order data, which can capture additional information on investors' private valuations.
Abstract: Numerous proxies for divergence of investors’ opinions have been suggested in the empirical accounting and finance literatures. I offer a new proxy constructed from proprietary limit order and market order data. This allows me to capture additional information on investors’ private valuations. Proxies from the extant literature, based on publicly available data, do not contain such information. Given my new measure, I ask which of the extant proxies correlates best with it. In my regression analysis, unexplained volume is the best proxy for opinion divergence. Conditioning on various firm-specific and order-specific characteristics generally does not change this conclusion. The main exception is the sample of firms without IBES forecast dispersion data, for which bid-ask spread is the best proxy for opinion divergence. Factor analysis also suggests that unexplained volume is the preferred proxy for opinion divergence.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an estimator that uses high-frequency surprises as a proxy for the structura of the real economy in the United States and used this estimator to predict asset prices and real economy.
Abstract: This paper studies how monetary policy jointly affects asset prices and the real economy in the United States I develop an estimator that uses high-frequency surprises as a proxy for the structura
86 citations
Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a form-based authentication for data transmission system including a proxy connected to the Internet network and at least a content server to which a user can gain access by the intermediary of the proxy.
Abstract: Data transmission system including a proxy connected to the Internet network and at least a content server to which a user can gain access by the intermediary of the proxy, the proxy being associated with authentication means adapted to perform form-based authentication of the user when receiving a user request for Internet resources therefrom and wherein the proxy transmits the user request to the content server which sends back a response to the proxy. The authentication means comprise a Single Sign-On (SSO) server adapted to obtain a login form from the content server when receiving the user request from the proxy, to fill the login form by using the credentials associated with the user and to send back the filled login form thereby, playing the role of the user regarding the content server, so that the content server can provide the requested information after authentication of the user.
85 citations
TL;DR: The authors analyzes the asset pricing and portfolio implications of an important barrier to sustainable investing: uncertainty about the corporate ESG profile and finds that ESG uncertainty affects the risk-return trade-off, social impact, and economic welfare.
85 citations
Patent•
25 Feb 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, an approach for providing a proxy service is described, in which a message from an application that supports browsing is received, and the message is identified as invoking the proxy service.
Abstract: An approach for providing a proxy service is disclosed. A message from an application that supports browsing is received. The message is identified as invoking the proxy service. The message is selectively forwarded to a proxy agent (e.g., a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) proxy or a Domain Name Service (DNS) proxy) that is configured to provide the proxy service. The forwarding of the message is transparent to the application. The present invention has particular applicability to a satellite network.
85 citations