Topic
Proxy (statistics)
About: Proxy (statistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94504 citations. The topic is also known as: proxy variable & proxy measurement.
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06 Nov 2000
TL;DR: This paper addresses the problem of distributing the computational load caused by object transcoding throughout a collaborative proxy system organized in a hierarchical net system and evaluates through simulation the impact of load distribution and caching policies on users' response time.
Abstract: Content transformation (or transc oding) proxies ha ve been recen tly proposed to tailor Web con tentto device characteristics of Web clients. In this paper, we address the problem of distributing the computational load caused by object transcoding throughout a collaborative proxy system organized in a hierarchical net w ork.We evaluate through simulation the impact of load distribution and caching policies on users' response time. We nd that the simple global policy that captures the proxy load information along the request path can provide reasonably good load sharing, and that, to e ectiv ely share the load, it is necessary to provide the edge proxies a mechanism to push up some transcoding load. On the caching policy, we examine policies that allow di erent versions of an object to be cached. Our study shows that the demand based caching policy which has the transcoding proxy cac he the transcoded version performs better than the coverage based caching policy that caches the more detailed version and the anticip atorycaching policy that caches both of these v ersions.
74 citations
TL;DR: This article proposed a model-assisted projection method of estimation based on a working model, but the reference distribution is design-based, where a large sample of survey 1 collects only auxiliary information and a much smaller sample from survey 2 provides information on both the variables of interest and the auxiliary variables.
Abstract: Combining information from two or more independent surveys is a problem frequently encountered in survey sampling. We consider the case of two independent surveys, where a large sample from survey 1 collects only auxiliary information and a much smaller sample from survey 2 provides information on both the variables of interest and the auxiliary variables. We propose a model-assisted projection method of estimation based on a working model, but the reference distribution is design-based. We generate synthetic or proxy values of a variable of interest by first fitting the working model, relating the variable of interest to the auxiliary variables, to the data from survey 2 and then predicting the variable of interest associated with the auxiliary variables observed in survey 1. The projection estimator of a total is simply obtained from the survey 1 weights and associated synthetic values. We identify the conditions for the projection estimator to be asymptotically unbiased. Domain estimation using the projection method is also considered. Replication variance estimators are obtained by augmenting the synthetic data file for survey 1 with additional synthetic columns associated with the columns of replicate weights. Results from a simulation study are presented. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between family ownership and firm performance in a family-based corporate environment in which managerial ownership is used as a proxy for family ownership, and found that family ownership was correlated with firm performance.
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between family ownership and firm performance in a family-based corporate environment in which managerial ownership is used as a proxy for family ownership. The...
74 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the effect of maintenance and improvements on the house price index and find that poorly maintained homes depreciate at a much faster rate than do homes with average maintenance.
74 citations
TL;DR: An axiomatic argument for a hybrid of direct democracy and representative democracy in which each citizen may vote directly on each issue, or delegate his vote on any issue to a representative (that is, a proxy) of his own choosing is constructed.
Abstract: I develop a hybrid of direct democracy and representative democracy in which each citizen may vote directly on each issue, or delegate his vote on any issue to a representative (that is, a proxy) of his own choosing. I construct both an axiomatic argument for such a system and an argument based on its ability to ameliorate the information problems inherent in both direct and representative democracy. I also propose practical measures for implementation, including new variations on existing proxy system proposals. These new variations include a ‘Dodgsonesque’ procedure, a proportional agenda-setting procedure, a provision for virtual committees, and a provision for continual consideration of issues.
74 citations