Topic
Pseudogene
About: Pseudogene is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5528 publications have been published within this topic receiving 336634 citations. The topic is also known as: Ψ & pseudogenes.
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20 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The chloroplast genome of Pelargonium e hortorum has been completely sequenced as mentioned in this paper, and it is shown to contain two copies of a greatly expanded inverted repeat of 75,741 bp each, and consequently diminished single copy regions of 59,710 bp and 6,750 bp.
Abstract: The chloroplast genome of Pelargonium e hortorum has beencompletely sequenced. It maps as a circular molecule of 217,942 bp, andis both the largest and most rearranged land plant chloroplast genome yetsequenced. It features two copies of a greatly expanded inverted repeat(IR) of 75,741 bp each, and consequently diminished single copy regionsof 59,710 bp and 6,750 bp. It also contains two different associations ofrepeated elements that contribute about 10 percent to the overall sizeand account for the majority of repeats found in the genome. Theyrepresent hotspots for rearrangements and gene duplications and include alarge number of pseudogenes. We propose simple models that account forthe major rearrangements with a minimum of eight IR boundary changes and12 inversions in addition to a several insertions of duplicated sequence.The major processes at work (duplication, IR expansion, and inversion)have disrupted at least one and possibly two or three transcriptionaloperons, and the genes involved in these disruptions form the core of thetwo major repeat associations. Despite the vast increase in size andcomplexity of the genome, the gene content is similar to that of otherangiosperms, with the exceptions of a large number of pseudogenes as partof the repeat associations, the recognition of two open reading frames(ORF56 and ORF42) more » in the trnA intron with similarities to previouslyidentified mitochondrial products (ACRS and pvs-trnA), the loss of accDand trnT-GGU, and in particular, the lack of a recognizably functionalrpoA. One or all of three similar open reading frames may possibly encodethe latter, however. « less
339 citations
TL;DR: The identification and characterization of three novel human forkhead genes with similarity to FKHR are reported, suggesting that these four genes represent an FK HR-like gene subfamily within the larger human Forkhead gene family.
339 citations
TL;DR: DNA sequence data from introns, flanking regions, and the eta globin pseudogene region all show a significantly higher rate of nucleotide substitution in the Old World monkey lineage than in the human lineage after the separation of the two lineages, which supports the hominoid rate-slowdown hypothesis.
338 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the organization and nucleotide sequence of two human loci related to the transforming gene of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus establishes one as a functional gene and the other as a processed pseudogene, suggesting that the functional gene may specify either of two related polypeptides depending on the pattern of RNA splicing.
Abstract: Analysis of the organization and nucleotide sequence of two human loci related to the transforming gene of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus establishes one as a functional gene and the other as a processed pseudogene. The two final coding exons of the functional gene seem to have arisen by duplication. Differentially spliced mRNAs incorporating one or other of the duplicated exons probably served as the intermediates by which the viral transforming gene and the pseudogene were generated. This suggests that the functional gene may specify either of two related polypeptides depending on the pattern of RNA splicing.
329 citations
TL;DR: An approximately 3000 basepair nucleotide sequence in a cloned human DNA fragment is determined that encodes the germline distinct J region segments and it is clear that the mouse J3 sequence, a pseudogene, is not present in the human cluster.
328 citations