Topic
Psychological intervention
About: Psychological intervention is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 82654 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2608356 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a meta-analysis of 9 published studies that investigated the efficacy of forgiveness interventions within counseling and found that the studies could logically be grouped into three categories: decision-based, process-based group, and processbased individual interventions.
Abstract: In this meta-analysis, 9 published studies (N = 330) that investigated the efficacy of forgiveness interventions within counseling were examined. After a review of theories of forgiveness, it was discovered that the studies could logically be grouped into 3 categories: decision-based, process-based group, and process-based individual interventions. When compared with control groups, for measures of forgiveness and other emotional health measures, the decision-based interventions showed no effect, the process-based group interventions showed significant effects, and the process-based individual interventions showed large effects. Consequently, effectiveness has been shown for use of forgiveness in clinical and other settings.
380 citations
TL;DR: A continuing education course based on mindfulness-based stress reduction was associated with significant improvements in burnout scores and mental well-being for a broad range of healthcare providers.
Abstract: Objective:Healthcare providers are under increasing stress and work-related burnout has become common. Mindfulness-based interventions have a potential role in decreasing stress and burnout. The purpose of this study was to determine if a continuing education course based on mindfulness-based stress reduction could decrease burnout and improve mental well-being among healthcare providers, from different professions.Design:This was a pre-post observational study conducted in a university medical center. A total of 93 healthcare providers, including physicians from multiple specialties, nurses, psychologists, and social workers who practiced in both university and community settings, participated. The intervention was a continuing education course based on mindfulness-based stress reduction that met 2.5 hours a week for 8 weeks plus a 7-hour retreat. The classes included training in four types of formal mindfulness practices, including the body scan, mindful movement, walking meditation and sitting meditati...
380 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present evidence of the impact of mental illness stigma and strategies for seeking to ease its impact, and summarize models that explain the development and maintenance of these stigmatizing effects.
Abstract: For people with mental illness, diminished quality of life and loss of personal goals does not result solely from the symptoms, distress, and disabilities caused by their psychiatric disorder. Quality of life and personal goals are also hindered by people who embrace the stigma that accompanies mental illness and mental health care. This paper reviews evidence of the impact of mental illness stigma and strategies for seeking to ease its impact. To achieve these goals, we (a) describe the ways in which stigma harm people with mental illness, (b) summarize models that explain the development and maintenance of these stigmatizing effects, and (c) review strategies that have been shown to decrease the impact of stigma. Concerns about stigma are on the political agendas of many mental health advocacy groups. It has recently also become the focus of extensive research. Our goal in this paper is to balance the practical concerns raised by mental health advocates against data that support or contradicts specific assertions.
380 citations
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that perceived muscular tension is an early sign of musculoskeletal disorder, which arises as a result of work organizational and psychosocial factors as well as from physical load and individual factors.
Abstract: This review summarizes the knowledge regarding ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders and the association with computer work. A model of musculoskeletal disorders and computer work is proposed and the evidence and implications of the model together with issues for future research is discussed. The model emphasizes the associations between work organization, psychosocial factors and mental stress on the one hand and physical demands and physical load on the other. It is hypothesized that perceived muscular tension is an early sign of musculoskeletal disorder, which arises as a result of work organizational and psychosocial factors as well as from physical load and individual factors. It is further hypothesized that perceptions of exertion and comfort are other possible early signs of musculoskeletal disorders in computer work. Interventions aimed at reducing musculoskeletal disorders due to computer work should be directed at both physical/ergonomic factors and work organizational and psychosocial factors. Interventions should be carried out with management support and active involvement of the individual workers.
380 citations
TL;DR: The most effective intervention for promoting adoption of exercise was the most intensive, involving six motivational interviews and a financial incentive, and brief interventions promoting physical activity are of questionable effectiveness.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of combinations of three methods to promote physical activity. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Baseline assessment with post-intervention follow up at 12 weeks and 1 year. Setting: One urban general practice, 1995-7. Participants: 523 adults aged 40 to 64 years, randomised to four intervention groups and a control group. Interventions: Brief (one interview) or intensive (six interviews over 12 weeks) motivational interviewing based on the stages of change model of behaviour change, with or without financial incentive (30 vouchers entitling free access to leisure facilities). Main outcome measures: Physical activity score; sessions of moderate and vigorous activity in the preceding four weeks. Results: Response rate was 81% at 12 weeks and 85% at one year. More participants in the intervention group reported increased physical activity scores at 12 weeks than controls (38% v 16%, difference 22%, 95% confidence interval for difference 13% to 32%), with a 55% increase observed in those offered six interviews plus vouchers. Vigorous activity increased in 29% of intervention participants and 11% of controls (difference 18%, 10% to 26%), but differences between the intervention groups were not significant. Short term increases in activity were not sustained, regardless of intensity of intervention. Conclusions: The most effective intervention for promoting adoption of exercise was the most intensive. Even this did not promote long term adherence to exercise. Brief interventions promoting physical activity that are used by many schemes in the United Kingdom are of questionable effectiveness. Key messages Schemes promoting physical activity are currently popular in general practice in Britain, but few have been rigorously evaluated and their effectiveness is unknown. In this study, the most effective intervention for promoting adoption of physical activity was the most intensive, involving six motivational interviews and a financial incentive A comparatively brief intervention (one interview) was only effective in the short term in around a third of participants Short term increases in physical activity were not maintained at one year follow up and even the most intensive intervention was ineffective in promoting long term adherence to increased physical activity. National and local government, health authorities, and primary healthcare teams should be cautious about current and future expenditure on, and implementation of, exercise prescription or referral schemes
379 citations