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Psychological intervention
About: Psychological intervention is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 82654 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2608356 citations.
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TL;DR: This editorial paper introduces computerised tailoring and provides a brief overview of its elements and applications as well as of the papers in this issue, and summarizes the main conclusions and suggestions for future research on computer-tailored interventions.
364 citations
TL;DR: The Individual Placement and Support program was more effective than the psychosocial rehabilitation program in helping patients achieve employment goals and achieving job retention remains a challenge with both interventions.
Abstract: Background Unemployment remains a major consequence of schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses. This study assesses the effectiveness of the Individual Placement and Support model of supportive employment relative to usual psychosocial rehabilitation services for improving employment among inner-city patients with these disorders. Methods Two hundred nineteen outpatients with severe mental illnesses, 75% with chronic psychoses, from an inner-city catchment area were randomly assigned to either the Individual Placement and Support program or a comparison psychosocial rehabilitation program. Participants completed a battery of assessments at study enrollment and every 6 months for 2 years. Employment data, including details about each job, were collected weekly. Results Individual Placement and Support program participants were more likely than the comparison patients to work (42% vs 11%; P P t 211 = −5.0, P = .00000003) and wages earned ( t = −5.5, P = .00000003). Among those who achieved employment, however, there were no group differences in time to first job or in number or length of jobs held. Also, both groups experienced difficulties with job retention. Conclusions As hypothesized, the Individual Placement and Support program was more effective than the psychosocial rehabilitation program in helping patients achieve employment goals. Achieving job retention remains a challenge with both interventions.
363 citations
TL;DR: Clinical trials typically select patients who are carefully diagnosed; are at highest risk of adverse outcomes from the disease in question; lack other serious illnesses; and are most likely to follow and respond to the treatment of interest.
Abstract: General practice p 676
The British pioneer clinical epidemiologist Archie Cochrane defined three concepts related to testing healthcare interventions1 Efficacy is the extent to which an intervention does more good than harm under ideal circumstances (“Can it work?”) Effectiveness assesses whether an intervention does more good than harm when provided under usual circumstances of healthcare practice (“Does it work in practice?”) Efficiency measures the effect of an intervention in relation to the resources it consumes (“Is it worth it?”) Trials of efficacy and effectiveness have also been described as explanatory and management trials, respectively,2 and efficiency trials are more often called cost effectiveness or cost benefit studies
Almost all clinical trials assess efficacy Such trials typically select patients who are carefully diagnosed; are at highest risk of adverse outcomes from the disease in question; lack other serious illnesses; and are most likely to follow and respond to the treatment of interest This treatment will be prescribed by doctors who are most likely to …
363 citations
Book•
15 Feb 2006
TL;DR: The Future of the Psychology of Working as mentioned in this paper explores race, gender, sexual orientation, disability status, Heterosexism, and classism at work and the implications of an inclusive psychology of working for Research and Theory.
Abstract: Contents: Preface. Psychology and the Experience of Working: A Blurred Focus That Is Sharpening. The Changing Nature of Work in the 21st Century. Working as a Means of Survival and Power. Working as a Means of Social Connection. Working as a Means of Self-Determination. Social Barriers and Working: Exploring Race, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Disability Status, Heterosexism, and Classism at Work. Implications of an Inclusive Psychology of Working for Research and Theory. Implications of an Inclusive Psychology of Working for Practice: Counseling and Psychotherapy. Toward an Inclusive Psychological Practice. Conclusion--The Future of the Psychology of Working.
363 citations
TL;DR: Systolic blood pressure is sensitive to pharmacists’ interventions and other outcomes may also be sensitive; however, more high-quality studies are needed for a comprehensive quantitative assessment.
Abstract: Background:Pharmacists participate in managing diabetes therapy. Despite many reviews, few have quantified the impact of pharmacists' interventions.Objectives:TO identity outcomes sensitive to pharmacists' interventions and quantify their impact through critical literature review.Methods:All original research describing the impact of pharmacists' interventions in the management of diabetic pharmacotherapy was sought in International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Register, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature from inception through 2006. Two independent reviewers identified articles, compared results, and settled differences through consensus. The Downs-Black scale was used to assess quality. Data included intervention type, patient numbers, demographics, study characteristics, instruments used, data compared, and outcomes reported. A random-effects meta-analysis combined amenable results.Results:Of 302 articles identified, 108 involved pharmacists' interventions...
363 citations