Psychological intervention

About: Psychological intervention is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 82654 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2608356 citations.

Controlled Interventions to Reduce Burnout in Physicians A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract: Importance Burnout is prevalent in physicians and can have a negative influence on performance, career continuation, and patient care. Existing evidence does not allow clear recommendations for the management of burnout in physicians. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce burnout in physicians and whether different types of interventions (physician-directed or organization-directed interventions), physician characteristics (length of experience), and health care setting characteristics (primary or secondary care) were associated with improved effects. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to May 31, 2016. The reference lists of eligible studies and other relevant systematic reviews were hand searched. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials and controlled before-after studies of interventions targeting burnout in physicians. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The main meta-analysis was followed by a number of prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses. All analyses were performed using random-effects models and heterogeneity was quantified. Main Outcomes and Measures The core outcome was burnout scores focused on emotional exhaustion, reported as standardized mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals. Results Twenty independent comparisons from 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 1550 physicians; mean [SD] age, 40.3 [9.5] years; 49% male). Interventions were associated with small significant reductions in burnout (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.42 to −0.16; equal to a drop of 3 points on the emotional exhaustion domain of the Maslach Burnout Inventory above change in the controls). Subgroup analyses suggested significantly improved effects for organization-directed interventions (SMD = −0.45; 95% CI, −0.62 to −0.28) compared with physician-directed interventions (SMD = −0.18; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.03). Interventions delivered in experienced physicians and in primary care were associated with higher effects compared with interventions delivered in inexperienced physicians and in secondary care, but these differences were not significant. The results were not influenced by the risk of bias ratings. Conclusions and Relevance Evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that recent intervention programs for burnout in physicians were associated with small benefits that may be boosted by adoption of organization-directed approaches. This finding provides support for the view that burnout is a problem of the whole health care organization, rather than individuals.

Recommendations for Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity

Abstract: In this article, we review evidence about the treatment of obesity that may have applications in primary care, community, and tertiary care settings. We examine current information about eating behaviors, physical activity behaviors, and sedentary behaviors that may affect weight in children and adolescents. We also review studies of multidisciplinary behavior-based obesity treatment programs and information about more aggressive forms of treatment. The writing group has drawn from the available evidence to propose a comprehensive 4-step or stagedcare approach for weight management that includes the following stages: (1) Prevention Plus; (2) structured weight management; (3) comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention; and (4) tertiary care intervention. We suggest that providers encourage healthy behaviors while using techniques to motivate patients and families, and interventions should be tailored to the individual child and family. Although more intense treatment stages will generally occur outside the typical office setting, offices can implement less intense intervention strategies. We not ony address specific patient behavior goals but also encourage practices to modify office systems to streamline office-based care and to prepare to coordinate with professionals and programs outside the office for more intensive interventions.

Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research

Abstract: This report, released by the Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention within the Institute of Medicine at the National Academy of Sciences, asserts that behavioral and social interventions such as health promotion and disease prevention offer great promise to reduce disease morbidity and mortality in the United States, but as yet their potential has not been recognized or tapped by the federal government. Two overarching recommendations are the need to address generic social and behavioral determinants of health rather than the clinical causes of disease and death, and the need to intervene at multiple levels of influence including the individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy levels. Seven recommendations for intervention strategies, nine recommendations for research, and three recommendations for funding are offered.

Handbook of infant mental health

Abstract: Part I: Development and Context. Zeanah, Jr., Doyle Zeanah, The Scope of Infant Mental Health. Slade, Cohen, Sadler, Miller, The Psychology and Psychopathology of Pregnancy: Reorganization and Transformation. Sheridan, Nelson, Neurobiology of Fetal and Infant Development: Implications for Infant Mental Health. Rifkin-Graboi, Borelli, Bosquet Enlo, Neurobiology of Stress in Infancy. Rosenblum, Dayton, Muzik, Infant Social and Emotional Development: Emerging Competence in a Relational Context. Ippen, The Sociocultural Context of Infant Mental Health: Toward Contextually Congruent Interventions. O'Connor, Parfitt,Applying Research Findings on Early Experience to Infant Mental Health. Part II: Risk and Protective Factors. Knitzer, Perry, Poverty and Infant and Toddler Development: Facing the Complex Challenges. Goodman, Brand, Infants of Depressed Mothers: Vulnerabilities, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors for the Later Development of Psychopathology. Boris, Parental Substance Abuse. Muller Nix, Ansermet, Prematurity, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors. Schechter, Willheim, The Effects of Violent Experiences on Infants and Young Children. Hans, Thullen, The Relational Context of Adolescent Motherhood. Part III: Assessment. Carter, Godoy, Marakovitz, Briggs-Gowan, Parent Reports and Infant Toddler Mental Health Assessment. Miron, Lewis, Zeanah, Jr., Clinical Use of Observational Procedures in Early Childhood Relationship Assessment. Oppenheim, Koren-Karie, Infant-Parent Relationship Assessment: Parents' Insightfulness Regarding Their Young Children's Internal Worlds. Part IV: Psychopathology. Link Egger, Angold, Classification of Psychopathology in Early Childhood. Carr, Lord, Autism Spectrum Disorders. Windsor, Reichle, Mahowald, Communication Disorders. Hodapp, Thornton-Wells, Dykens, Intellectual Disabilities. Scheeringa, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Owens, Burnham, Sleep Disorders. Benoit, Feeding Disorders, Failure to Thrive, and Obesity. Wakschlag, Danis, Characterizing Early Childhood Disruptive Behavior: Enhancing Developmental Sensitivity. Luby, Depression. Zeanah, Jr., Smyke, Attachment Disorders. Part V: Intervention. Lieberman, Van Horn, Child-Parent Psychotherapy: A Developmental Approach to Mental Health Treatment in Infancy and Early Childhood. Powell, Cooper, Hoffman, Marvin, The Circle of Security. Favez, Frascarolo, Keren, Fivaz-Depeursinge, Principles of Family Therapy in Infancy. Suchman, DeCoste, Mayes, The Mothers and Toddlers Program: An Attachment-Based Intervention for Mothers in Substance Abuse Treatment. Smyke, Breidenstine, Foster Care in Early Childhood. Gleason, Psychopharmacology in Early Childhood: Does It Have a Role? Part VI: Applications of Infant Mental Health. Hinshaw-Fuselier, Doyle Zeanah, Larrieu, Training in Infant Mental Health. Doyle Zeanah, Gleason, Infant Mental Health in Primary Health Care. Johnston, Brinamen, Mental Health Consultation: A Transactional Approach in Child Care. Nagle, The Economics of Infant Mental Health.

The Development and Resulting Performance Impact of Positive Psychological Capital.

Abstract: Recently, theory and research have supported psychological capital (PsyCap) as an emerging core construct linked to positive outcomes at the individual and organizational level. However, to date, little attention has been given to PsyCap development through training interventions; nor have there been attempts to determine empirically if such PsyCap development has a causal impact on participants' performance. To fill these gaps we first conducted a pilot test of the PsyCap intervention (PCI) model with a randomized control group design. Next, we conducted a follow-up study with a cross section of practicing managers to determine if following the training guidelines of the PCI caused the participants' performance to improve. Results provide beginning empirical evidence that short training interventions such as PCI not only may be used to develop participants' psychological capital, but can also lead to an improvement in their on-the-job performance. The implications these findings have for human resource development and performance management conclude the article.