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Showing papers on "Psychotropic drug published in 1972"



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data appear to support the view that the synthesis and turnover of 5-HT is regulated by a feed-back mechanism operating via changes in the intraneuronal 5- HT levels and/or in the activity of postsynaptic5-HT receptors.
Abstract: L-Tryptophan and various agents known to interfere with the brain monoamines were injected intraperitoneally to mice. Subsequently, the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the brain induced by the intraperitoneal injection of the decarboxylase inhibitor Ro 4-4602 was investigated. Also the tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in the brain were measured.

90 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that psychotropic drugs have marked differential effects on the rate of HC-3 induced ACh depletion and total brain ACh was determined following various doses of chlordiazepoxide, pentobarbital, chlorpromazine, methotrimeprazine, imipramine, morphine, d-amphetamine, scopolamine, LSD-25, and phencyclidine.
Abstract: The cholinergic antisynthesis agent HC-3 was given intraventricularly to young male rats 20–30 days old to deplete brain acetylcholine (ACh). The rate of HC-3 induced depletion of ACh was used as an index of ACh utilization. Total brain ACh was determined following various doses of chlordiazepoxide, pentobarbital, chlorpromazine, methotrimeprazine, imipramine, morphine, d-amphetamine, scopolamine, LSD-25, and phencyclidine given i.p. alone and after intraventricular administration of HC-3. It was found that psychotropic drugs have marked differential effects on the rate of HC-3 induced ACh depletion.

80 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of scales for rating mood in geriatric patients reveals the criteria that must be met: the subject must be responsive and cooperative, the scale should be brief, with clear response choices and the questions should be clear and relevant to the current situation of the patient.
Abstract: : A review of scales for rating mood in geriatric patients reveals the criteria that must be met: 1) the subject must be responsive and cooperative; 2) the scale should be brief, with clear response choices; and 3) the questions should be clear and relevant to the current situation of the patient. Individual mood scales do not offer much advantage over a brief, well constructed, multidimensional rating scale.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The history of research on various neurohumors that control behavior appears to be very cyclical; each decade having a favorite chemical mediator implicated in behavioral control and in psychotropic drug action.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The combination of electronic rejection of response artifacts and slight sedation by means of Atosil appears to be quite promising at the present time, especially with respect to evoked-response audiometry in children.
Abstract: All of the drugs used (Atosil, Nembutal, Mandrax, and Valium) tend to attenuate the acoutically-evoked responses. As was observed in monkeys at an earlier occasion, there are large fluctuations in response magnitude under the affect of Nembutal. It appears therefore that Nembutal is not a suitable sedating agent for the present purposes. Whereas Mandrax attenuates the response potentials strongly for period of up to 4 h, they begin to recover already about 3 h after the administration of Valium. (For details on the effects of these drugs upon the response latencies, cf. the paper by Karnahl and Benning in the same issue.) The situation was best when Atosil was being used-which is known Phenergan in English-speaking countries. In that case, response amplitudes were reduced by a mere 20-300/0 during the first 90–120 min after medication; otherwise, thresholds and ERA characteristics were registered in a normal manner. If registrations were continued for longer periods of time, the depressing effect of Atosil became more marked, although responses remain generally superior to those obtainable under the effects of Valium or Mandrax. The combination of electronic rejection of response artifacts and slight sedation by means of Atosil appears to be quite promising at the present time, especially with respect to evoked-response audiometry in children.

13 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
10 Jan 1972-JAMA
TL;DR: The public health paradigm of three interacting systems, agent, host, and environment, is utilized as an explanatory framework to focus on complex psychosocial factors in psychotropic drug misuse.
Abstract: The public health paradigm of three interacting systems, agent, host, and environment, is utilized as an explanatory framework to focus on complex psychosocial factors in psychotropic drug misuse. Emphasis is given to (1) rapid changes in the drug scene, (2) varying motivation for use of different drugs, and (3) changes in motivation after initial drug use. A decade ago drug use was primarily determined by personal needs and motives. Today, with increasing use of drugs for nonmedical purposes, redefinition of illness, and a widespread expectation that human problems will be changed or solved through chemistry, the general psychosocial and economic mileu predisposes the public to widespread nonmedical drug use.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The acoustically evoked responses for a frequency of 1 kHz, obtained in eleven, normal hearing, adult subjects, were concerned with the effects of sedative agents and psychotropic drugs upon ERA latencies.
Abstract: The first part of this paper is concerned with the acoustically evoked responses for a frequency of 1 kHz, obtained in eleven, normal hearing, adult subjects. Amplitudes as well as latencies were different in the adapted and non-adapted states of the auditory system. The second part deals with the effects of sedative agents and psychotropic drugs (Atosil, Valium and Mandrax) upon ERA latencies. In a group of four normal hearing adults, latencies were first assessed prior to medication. In contrast to amplitudes, latencies were independent of the time the measurement was being taken, even for SPLs near the threshold of hearing. Latencies were then reassessed at various times after medication. In that case, they were not only prolonged, but also showed wider variations, especially near the threshold of hearing. It was only upon Atosil-sedation that results were satisfactory within the first 2 h after medication.

10 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various types of synaptic alterations observed in the tuberal regions of the hypothalamus of rabbits are interpreted as the early degenerative changes induced by the long term administration of haloperidol.
Abstract: Summary The tuberal regions of the hypothalamus of rabbits were examined under the electron microscope following long term administration of haloperidol (a psychotropic drug of the butyrophenone group) with special consideration of synaptic changes in their hypothalamus and were compared with normal materials. After three to five months' intramuscular injections of haloperidol (2 mg/kg/day), in the regions were observed various types of synaptic changes; namely densely accumulated synaptic vesicles in some boutons, a few synaptic vesicles in the clear matrix of some boutons, tubular profiles in some axon terminals and mitochondrial accumulation in some boutons. Those animals showed neuroleptic symptomes and extrapyramidal ones throughout the period. These various types of synaptic alterations are interpreted as the early degenerative changes induced by the long term administration of haloperidol.


01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: It was found that psyehotropie drugs have marked differen- tial effects on the rate of I-IC-3 induced ACh depletion.
Abstract: The cholinergic antisynthesis agent HC-3 was given intraventricularly to young male rats 20--30 days old to deplete brain aeetylcholine (ACh). The rate of ~C-3 induced depletion of ACh was used as an index of ACh utilization. Total brain ACh was determined following various doses of ehlordiazepoxide, pentobarbi- tal, ehlorprom~zine, methotrimeprazine, imipramine, morphine, d-amphetamine, scopolamine, LSD-25, and phencyelidine give~l i.p. alone and after intraventrieular administration of I-IC-3. It was found that psyehotropie drugs have marked differen- tial effects on the rate of I-IC-3 induced ACh depletion.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors indicate that the veracity of drivers' statements about drug use is very low and drug use estimates derived from questioning are probably very conservative and the generation of conclusions tentative at this time.
Abstract: This review deals with studies of the incidence of psychotropic drugs in general populations, in samples of drivers and samples of accident drivers. Investigations have varied in terms of drugs studied, reliability of data collection procedures and criteria for choosing sample populations. This variability plus lack of replicative investigations makes the generation of conclusions tentative at this time. The studies cited did show that as high as 35 to 50 percent of the general population risk driving after drug use at least once per year and suggest that 11 to 15 percent of accident drivers have taken a psychotropic drug prior to their accident. Psychotropic drug use is most likely to be found among certain drinking driver groups, especially the fatally injured. The authors indicate that the veracity of drivers' statements about drug use is very low and drug use estimates derived from questioning are probably very conservative.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In four experiments with a total of 22 healthy normalsubjects, capsicum spices were tested as to their psychostimulant effects.
Abstract: In four experiments with a total of 22 healthy normalsubjects, capsicum spices were tested as to their psychostimulant effects. Two mental-stress experiments involving mental and psychomotor tests, mo

Journal ArticleDOI
J. P. Noel1, A. Benakis1, R. Valette, M. Herbert, Louis Pichat 
TL;DR: In this article, a psychotropic drug was obtained by means of the action of methyl magnesium iodure on p-chlorophenyl-3 hydroxy-3 ethyl butyrate 14C-3.
Abstract: Methyl-2 p-chlorophenyl-4 pentane diol 2,4 14C-4 (Rd 292-Fenpentadiol), a psychotropic drug, was prepared by means of the action of methyl magnesium iodure on p-chlorophenyl-3 hydroxy-3 ethyl butyrate 14C-3. The latter was obtained by means of the Reformatzri reaction between ethyl bromoacetate and p-chloroacetophenon 14CO, which was obtained by the action of iodhydric acid on p-chlorophenyl diazoacetophenon 14CO, resulting from the action of diazomethane on p-chlorobenzoyl 14C chlorure. The necessary p-chlorobenzoic carboxyl 14C acid was obtained through carbonatation of p-chlorphenyl magnesium bromure, free from any isomere a or m. The total yield compared to 14CO3Ba was 31% Specific activity : 25, 3 mCi/mM.