Psychotropic drug

About: Psychotropic drug is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2309 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54070 citations.

Receptor Adaptation to Psychotropic Drugs

Abstract: The membrane receptor is a site at which specific chemicals can regulate cell ular function; in turn, cells can regulate their sensitivity to many chemicals to compensate for persistent changes in agonist supply. The terms up- and down-regulation are used to describe shifts in receptor responsivity to drugs or to endogenous transmitters. Chronic antagonist administration, for example, can lead to a proliferation of receptor sites, a change viewed as an attempt by the cell to compensate for the loss of agonist resulting from the blockade by antagonist. In similar fashion, down-regulation can take place with chronic agonist oversupply. Thus, the receptor can act as both a regulated and regulatory unit. In this chapter an attempt is made to identify specific neuronal receptors that are acted on and ultimately altered by neuroleptics, antidepressants, and anxiolytic benzodiazepines and to discuss the application of receptor sensitivity modification (RSM) as a new approach to treatment of disorders that are responsive to alterations of CNS monoaminergic activity.

Drug treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of findings in the light of diagnostic and metric limitations.

Abstract: Nearly every category of psychotropic drug has been investigated in an attempt to find a pharmacologic treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This study reviews published trials from the English literature in which tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, and other agents were employed for treatment of OCD. Weaknesses in the current methodology including diagnosis, measurement of severity and criteria for improvement have contributed to invalid conclusions about drug treatment and efficacy. It appears that OCD is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder with a complex differential diagnosis. For the clinician, a major conclusion drawn from this review is that no agent emerges as a drug of choice. Although clorimipramine, the most actively investigated agent, shows some promise, it has not been conclusively demonstrated that other, more readily available heterocyclic agents are less effective. Furthermore, when other disorders co-exist, such as panic disorder, alternative agents may prove as effective.

The EEG in Chronic Psychotropic Drug Intoxications

Abstract: Introduction It is generally accepted that all psychotropic active drugs affect the human EEG 1-3 Controlled combined pharmacological and EEG studies are frequently based on single drug dose settings. It thus became possible to describe drug-specific EEG profiles and even predict the clinical drug action of new agents taking the EEG effects into account. 4-6 In clinical practice drug use has a less uniform pattern. Psychiatric pharmacotherapy is hardly ever restricted to a single fixed drug. It always ends up with a combination of several, pharmacologically differently active drugs. These drugs are always taken for a prolonged period of time, often years, It is rightly stressed in the EEG handbook that only a few investigations have considered the EEG effects of chronic administration of neuroleptic drugs and that further research along these lines would be highly desirable. An intoxication is essentially a clinical diagnosis. It is usually the result of a massive overdose of one or several drugs presenting as an acute clinical syndrome with different grades of impaired consciousness. It is often overlooked that the chronic intake of drugs can also give rise to clinical symptoms, which are lessobvious, less typical, less dramatic. That is the main reason why diagnostic pitfalls frequently occur in cases of chronic intoxications. The EEG alterations resulting from acute drug intoxications, especially of the hypno-sedative type, are well known.\"?\" Massive overdoses of neuroleptics induce less obvious EEG alterations; 11 tricyclic antidepressants may induce irritative EEG signs. The chronic use of some psychotropic drugs, such as neuroleptics seems to affect the EEG more than a single overdose does. 14 This is in contradiction with the general rule that acute progressing C.N.S. dysfunctions produce more profound EEG signs than chronic ones. The meaning of the observed EEG alterations is still a controversial subject. Some authors interpret the drug-induced EEG alterations as prognostically good signs of a successful pharmacotherapy.25-29 The severe toxic side-effects and the sometimes fatal outcome associated with the use of lithium-salts have again raised the importance of the problem and have suggested more obvious interpretations of the EEG alterations. 30 34 This paper is designed to discuss the significance of the EEG in some cases of chronic drug intoxications. The clinical context is essential for understanding the EEG alterations, which have no specific features as to the type of drug involved or the presence of the clinical symptomatology.

Cigarette for rehabilitation and preparation thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a cigarette for detoxification, wherein, tobacco shreds are composed of tobacco and lotus leaves absorbing ingredients of a detoxification drug, and the tobacco accounts for 10 to 50 percent of the total mass of the tobacco shreds. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the cigarette for detoxification. The cigarette for detoxification of the invention can allow drug aerosol to be absorbed by the human inner mucosa in the ionic state with the help of a smoking mode of the cigarette by the people, thus having significant efficacy, rapid effectiveness and facilitating the fine adjustment and control of the dose of the psychotropic drug; furthermore, the preparation method is simple and easy to realize, thus having broad market prospect.