Psychotropic drug

About: Psychotropic drug is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2309 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54070 citations.

Médicaments psychotropes en stomatologie et en odontologie

Abstract: Resume La prescription de psychotropes touche environ un quart de la population. Les anxiolytiques, les antidepresseurs, les hypnotiques et les neuroleptiques representent les categories les plus utilisees. Apres un rappel concernant la pharmacodynamie, la pharmacocinetique et le metabolisme des principales classes de psychotropes, leurs repercussions odontostomatologiques et leur controle sont envisages. Les effets secondaires buccodentaires des psychotropes resultent surtout des alterations quantitatives et qualitatives de la secretion salivaire. Un examen regulier de la cavite buccale est necessaire chez tout patient recevant ce type de traitement. La xerostomie est responsable d'alterations des tissus durs et mous (caries, parodontopathies, mycoses…). Des recommandations hygienodietetiques et une therapeutique sialagogue appropriee permettent de lutter efficacement contre ces inconvenients. Enfin, la prise de psychotropes impose des precautions anesthesiologiques particulieres.

Wave separation versus bandpass filtering: a comparative non-linear analysis of brain α-EEG signals with and without psychotropic drug treatment

Abstract: Attempts to demonstrate low-dimensional attractor behaviour in the analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals meet with difficulties that in part stem from a departure from single-system dynamics. In order to address this problem, the α-waves can be extracted by digital filtering or by wave separation; these two techniques are compared in order to specify the conditions in which finite impulse response (FIR) bandpass filters can be used. The comparison was made using 18 EEG records of 3 min duration under resting conditions (6 subjects, 3 records per subject: prior to apomorphine administration, then 90 min and 150 min post-treatment). No presence of low-dimensional dynamic episodes in α-signals was observed without digital processing. Sixty 5 s sections showing attractor behaviour were found after filtering and twenty five 5 s sections after wave separation. The mean correlation dimension was calculated for each experimental condition and for 4 subjects, in order to observe the temporal profile of the drug. When attractors were found after wave separation, bandpass filtering then also showed attractor behaviour, with the same temporal profile. However, the reverse is not true: attractors were found after bandpass filtering that were not present after wave separation; in this case the results deserve confirmation, although the temporal profiles for all cases in which attractors were found after filtering remained comparable.

The standardized video-tape interview as an objective dependent variable in psychotropic drug research.

Abstract: Literature is reviewed concerning the development and present status of the standardized video-tape interview. The paper concludes that since this interview technique shows promise of being a highly reliable and clinically valid instrument for assessing clinical changes in a behavioral, objective and parsimonious manner, and because of its demonstrated ability to reflect meaningful change based on specific experimental and therapeutic conditions, it would seem to be a useful dependent variable in psychotropic drug studies.

Towards a clinical methodology for neuropsychopharmacological research.

Abstract: Neuropsychopharmacology is dedicated to the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of mental pathology with the employment of centrally acting drugs. In neuropsychopharmacological research the clinical effects of a psychotropic drug are linked to the effects of the substance on brain structures involved in its mode of action. It is assumed, that knowledge about the mode of action of a selectively effective psychotropic drug will provide clues about the pathophysiology of the illness, and conversely, that knowledge about the pathophysiology of an illness, will provide clues for developing clinically more effective psychotropic drugs. Since the currently employed clinical methodology for the demonstration of therapeutic efficacy links the mode of action of psychotropic drugs to pharmacologically heterogeneous populations, neuropsychopharmacological research does not provide the necessary feedback for developing more effective drugs. To resolve the pharmacological heterogeneity within currently used diagnoses, attempts were made to split syndrome-based psychiatric diagnoses into discrete neurobiological deficits, and to replace traditional psychiatric nosology by a genetic psychiatric nosology. Yet, to date, there is no alternative methodology to psychopathology-based psychiatric nosology for classifying mental pathology in a clinically relevant manner. As we are moving from the "neurotransmitter era" to a "genetic era" in neuropsychopharmacology, the need for identifying pharmacologically homogenous populations is becoming imminent. All primary targets of psychotropic drugs in the brain are encoded by genes which are identified, and any nosologic entity or psychiatric syndrome that corresponds with a treatment responsive population is a candidate for the generation of genetic hypotheses relevant to mental illness. Recognition that progress in neuropsychopharmacology, and molecular genetic research, depends on the speed clinical research can resolve the pharmacological heterogeneity within currently used diagnoses, led to the development of methodologies for the identification of treatment responsive form(s) of illness, such as the Composite Diagnostic Evaluation (CODE) System, and nosologic homotyping. The CODE System is a methodology for the identification of treatment responsive forms of illness if covered up by consensus-based diagnoses; it consists of a set of diagnostic algorithms that can assign simultaneously a diagnosis from several classifications to a patient. Nosologic homotypes are identical in elementary units of mental illness and are assigned the same position in the nosologic matrix, based on three "nosologic organizing principles. The empirically derived diagnostic categories are suitable for testing hypotheses relevant to the relationship between the "processing of mental events" and "signal transduction" in the central nervous system.