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Psychotropic drug

About: Psychotropic drug is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2309 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54070 citations.


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TL;DR: Among elderly psychotropic medication users, Hispanics were more likely than Whites to receive PIPMs, and more clinical and policy efforts should aim to reduce PIPM use in all groups, particularly among Hispanic, given potentially negative health consequences related with the use of inappropriate medications.
Abstract: Psychotropic drugs are among the most frequently prescribed medications to the elderly in the USA. Yet, many of those drugs have been used inappropriately. Increased risks of potentially inappropriate psychotropic medication (PIPM) utilization are associated with several patient and provider characteristics. However, little is known whether and to what extent patient race and ethnicity is related to PIPM use patterns among the elderly. We used multiyear (2012–2015) Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data. Among elderly psychotropic drug users (N = 7616), we identified PIPM prescription fills based on a Beers criterion, a list of drugs (by generic names) that should be avoided at any circumstances among the elderly. Logistic regression was used for the likelihood analysis. The likelihood of filling PIPMs was higher among Hispanics than among Whites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.46). No differences were found between Whites and Blacks. The prevalence of PIPM use is high in all racial groups (43–52%). We found differences in the use of PIPMs by patient race and ethnicity between 2012 and 2015: among elderly psychotropic medication users, Hispanics were more likely than Whites to receive PIPMs. More clinical and policy efforts should aim to reduce PIPM use in all groups, particularly among Hispanic, given potentially negative health consequences related with the use of inappropriate medications.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is indicated that the most effective technique to produce plasma concentrations of alprazolam that are reproducible, clinically pertinent, and consistent between rats is to incorporate the drug into a liquid diet.
Abstract: Rationale: Benzodiazepines are effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders over a prolonged period of time. This results in relatively stable plasma concentrations over the course of a day. However, due to differences in drug clearance in rats, which generally metabolize and clear drugs much more rapidly than humans, it is difficult to model this steady level in rats. Objectives: Several methods of chronic alprazolam administration were compared to determine which would best result in reproducible, therapeutically relevant levels of the drug. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered alprazolam via two subcutaneous routes, Alzet 2ML2 osmotic minipumps and commercially produced slow-release pellets, for 1 week and 2 weeks, respectively. Additionally, alprazolam was orally administered for 2 weeks by mixing the compound into a commercially available liquid, fat emulsion-based diet. The use of silastic implants to deliver several different benzodiazepines was also evaluated in vitro. Results: Following 7 days of alprazolam administration at 2 mg/kg per day via osmotic minipump, plasma concentrations in ten identically treated rats ranged from <1 ng/ml to 97 ng/ml. Slow-release pellets produced more consistent plasma concentrations, but were only minimally effective at raising plasma concentrations. In vitro studies utilizing silastic implants containing 90 mg drug in 6 cm of tubing revealed stable release of only 45–55 µg/day alprazolam versus 625–650 µg/day diazepam. In contrast to these methodologies, incorporation of alprazolam into a commercially available liquid diet (~25–150 mg/kg per day) provided consistent, dose-dependent increases in plasma concentrations of alprazolam and its metabolites in a range appropriate for mimicking clinical exposure. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the most effective technique to produce plasma concentrations of alprazolam that are reproducible, clinically pertinent, and consistent between rats is to incorporate the drug into a liquid diet. These findings may also be of value in determining dosing routes for other benzodiazepines or psychotropic drugs.

4 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: Evidence is found for a social gradient whereby employees belonging to the lowest socio-economic are more affected by the adverse effect of mass layoffs on their mental health, leading to psychotropic drug consumption, than those in the highest socio­-economic groups.
Abstract: This article assesses the effects of mass layoffs on the mental health of workers remaining in plants after layoffs, using a French survey merged with administrative health insurance data covering the period 2010–2013. We rely on the consumption of psychotropic drugs prescribed by doctors as an indicator of mental health. Results show that mass layoffs induce a sizeable rise in the use of psychotropic drugs amongst job stayers: we measure an increase of 41% in psychotropic drug consumption rates amongst them after displacement, as compared with the pre-displacement period. We find evidence for a social gradient whereby employees belonging to the lowest socio-economic are more affected by the adverse effect of mass layoffs on their mental health, leading to psychotropic drug consumption, than those in the highest socio­-economic groups.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the successful treatment of a 57-year-old male with severe COVID-19, schizophrenia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, using psychotropic drug intervention associated with psychological counselling and psychotherapy.
Abstract: The prognosis of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is usually poor when it occurs in aged adults or in patients with chronic diseases, which brought a great challenge to clinical practice. Furthermore, widespread depression, anxiety, and panic related to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) infection affected treatment compliance and recovery. Here we report the successful treatment of a 57-year-old male with severe COVID-19, schizophrenia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. The patient's negative emotions (such as tension, panic, and anxiety), particularly his aggression and paranoia, seriously hindered treatment, leading to a deteriorating condition. Psychological counseling and supportive psychotherapy were given but the effect was weak. To improve adherence, risperidone and quetiapine fumarate were replaced by olanzapine for anti-schizophrenic treatment to reduce insomnia and anxiety side effects, associated with sedative-hypnotic drugs as well as psychological counseling. The treatment compliance of the patient improved significantly. The patient's serum alanine aminotransferase increased abnormally in the late stage of hospitalization, suggesting potential liver damage after complex medication strategies. We also monitored the changes of lymphocyte subsets and retrospectively analyzed the virus-specific antibody response. The results suggested that dynamic monitoring of lymphocyte subsets and virus-specific antibody response could facilitate disease progression evaluation and timely treatment plan adjustments. An effective psychotropic drug intervention associated with psychological counselling and psychotherapy are essential for the successful adherence, treatment, and rehabilitation of psychiatric disorders in COVID-19 patients.

4 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The ability of simple algorithms to assign classes of psychotropic drugs to psychiatric inpatients in agreement with actual clinical decisions was investigated and agreement among clinicians appears to be the limiting factor in most studies of this type.
Abstract: The ability of simple algorithms, primarily diagnostic, to assign classes of psychotropic drugs to psychiatric inpatients in agreement with actual clinical decisions was investigated. Overall agreement (hit-rates) ranging from 48 to 65 percent were found across four major drug groups: major tranquilizer, antidepressant, minor tranquilizer, and no psychotropic drug. These hit-rates may be compared with multivariate formulae developed in earlier studies that achieved hit-rates ranging from 62 to 77 percent. Agreement among clinicians (about 70 percent) appears to be the limiting factor in most studies of this type.

4 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202332
202268
202175
202058
201960
201876