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Psychotropic drug
About: Psychotropic drug is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2309 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54070 citations.
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TL;DR: With an exception of NOP receptor/G-protein coupling, GPCR-mediated [35S]GTPγS binding is relatively stable irrespective of PMD or storage period, and there were many positive correlations among the %Emax values for different receptor subtypes, which might reflect formation of heterodimer complex of such GPCRs coupled to the same Gi/o proteins.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Genetic factors are hypothesized to contribute significantly to the susceptibility of adverse drug reactions, and about 50 % of ADRs in central nervous system disorders may be attributed to pharmacogenomic factors.
Abstract: Compliance to psychotropic medications is often reduced by the emergence of unwanted side effects, and rare life-threatening adverse events to these drugs require strict systems of surveillance. Genetic factors are hypothesized to contribute significantly to the susceptibility of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Indeed, about 50 % of ADRs in central nervous system disorders may be attributed to pharmacogenomic factors.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors identify the longitudinal patterns of psychotropic drug prescriptions in sub-populations of dementia patients in the Netherlands using electronic health records from general practitioners (GPs).
Abstract: Studies focusing on patterns of psychotropic drug prescriptions (PDPs) for subpopulations of community-dwelling older people with dementia are lacking.The aim of this study was to identify the longitudinal patterns of PDPs in subpopulations.This retrospective study used electronic health records from general practitioners (GPs) in the Netherlands. People (N = 1278) firstly diagnosed with dementia between 2013 and 2015, aged 65 years or older, were selected and categorized into four subpopulations: community-dwelling (CD) group throughout follow-up, ultimately admitted to nursing homes (NH) group, ultimately died (DIE) group, and ultimately deregistered for unclear reasons (DeR) group. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate the patterns of psychotropic drug prescriptions, after the diagnosis of dementia for a five-year follow-up, and 0-3 months before institutionalisation or death.Over the five-year follow-up, antipsychotic prescriptions increased steadily in CD (OR = 1.07 [1.04-1.10]), NH (OR = 1.10 [1.04-1.15]), and DIE (OR = 1.05 [1.02-1.08]) groups. Similarly, prescriptions of antidepressants also showed upward trends in CD (OR = 1.04 [1.02-1.06]), NH (OR = 1.10 [1.02-1.18]), and DIE (OR = 1.04 [1.00-1.08]) groups. The other psychotropic drugs did not show clear changes over time in most of the subpopulations. In the three months before institutionalisation, antipsychotic prescriptions increased (OR = 2.12 [1.26-3.57]) in the NH group compared to prior periods. Likewise, before death, prescriptions of antipsychotics (OR = 1.74 [1.28-2.38]) and hypnotics and sedatives (OR = 2.11 [1.54-2.90]) increased in the DIE group, while anti-dementia drug prescriptions decreased (OR = 0.42 [0.26-0.69]).After community-dwelling older people are diagnosed with dementia, all subpopulations' prescriptions of antipsychotics and antidepressants increase continuously during the follow-up. While we cannot judge whether these prescriptions are appropriate, GPs might consider a more reluctant use of psychotropic drugs and use alternative psychosocial interventions. Additionally, antipsychotic prescriptions rise considerably shortly before institutionalisation or death, which might reflect that older people experience more neuropsychiatric symptoms during this period.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the content of pharmacotherapy, including pro re nata (PRN) medications, and to clarify the relationship with regular prescriptions, and found that a higher ratio of monotherapy and no prescription of other psychotropics on regular prescriptions may result in less concomitant use of PRN psychotropic medications.
Abstract: Abstract Background Several guidelines recommend monotherapy in pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The content of regular prescriptions has been reported in several studies, but not enough research has been conducted on the content of pharmacotherapy, including pro re nata (PRN) medications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of pharmacotherapy, including PRN medications, and to clarify the relationship with regular prescriptions. Methods We used data from the “Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination And Education in psychiatric treatment” (EGUIDE) project to investigate the presence or absence of PRN psychotropic medications at discharge for each drug category. We compared the PRN psychotropic prescription ratio at discharge by diagnosis for each drug category. The antipsychotic monotherapy ratio and no prescription ratio of other psychotropics for schizophrenia at discharge and the antidepressant monotherapy ratio and no prescription ratio of other psychotropics for major depressive disorder at discharge were calculated for each regular prescription, including PRN psychotropic medications, as quality indicators (QIs). Spearman's rank correlation test was performed for QI values of regular prescriptions and the QI ratio between regular prescriptions and prescriptions including PRN medications for each diagnosis. Results The PRN psychotropic prescription ratio at discharge was 28.7% for schizophrenia and 30.4% for major depressive disorder, with no significant differences by diagnosis. The prescription ratios of PRN antipsychotic medications and PRN antiparkinsonian medications were significantly higher for schizophrenia. The prescription ratios of PRN anxiolytic and hypnotic and PRN antidepressant medications were significantly higher for patients with major depressive disorder. For both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, the QI was lower for discharge prescriptions, including PRN medications, than for regular prescriptions. QI values for regular prescriptions and the QI ratio were positively correlated. Conclusions Considering PRN psychotropic medications, the monotherapy ratio and no prescription ratio of other psychotropics at discharge decreased in pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. A higher ratio of monotherapy and no prescription of other psychotropics on regular prescriptions may result in less concomitant use of PRN psychotropic medications. Further studies are needed to optimize PRN psychotropic prescriptions.
TL;DR: The defined daily doses for statistical purposes (S-DDDV) is used by INCB as a technical unit of measurement for the purpose of statistical analysis and is not a recommended prescription dose as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: The term “defined daily doses for statistical purposes (S-DDD)”, which has replaced the term “defined daily doses (DDD)”, is used by INCB as a technical unit of measurement for the purpose of statistical analysis and is not a recommended prescription dose. Its definition is not free of a certain degree of arbitrariness. Certain psychotropic substances may be used in certain countries for different treatments or in accordance with different medical practices, and therefore a different daily dose could be more appropriate. The indicated S-DDD should be considered approximate and subject to modifications if more precise information becomes available. The basis for the grouping of the substances was, as far as possible, the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification system used in the Nordic Statistics on Medicines and recommended by the World Health Organization for drug utilization studies. In addition, the grouping reflects the Schedules of the 1971 Convention.