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Psychotropic drug
About: Psychotropic drug is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2309 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54070 citations.
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TL;DR: In a survey of psychotropic drug prescribing for in-patients in three different types of psychiatric hospitals, the prevalence of combinations of more than one psychotrop drug varied from 45% in one hospital to 94% in another, with significant consistent differences between the use of drug combinations.
Abstract: In a survey of psychotropic drug prescribing for in-patients in three different types of psychiatric hospitals, the prevalence of combinations of more than one psychotropic drug varied from 45% in one hospital to 94% in another, with significant consistent differences between the use of drug combinations in the various hospitals. Combinations of two antipsychotic drugs were particularly frequent; the hospital with the lowest prevalence of polypharmacy was the only one with an associated psychopharmacology unit. Access to clinical pharmacology teaching may be an important factor in determining appropriate drug-prescribing habits.
58 citations
TL;DR: The reduced glutamate-glutamine cycling flux observed in this study suggests that, in addition to its effects on monoaminergic and GABAergic systems, the attenuation of glutamate neurotransmission resulting from phenelzine administration may also contribute to its efficacy in the treatment of depression.
58 citations
TL;DR: There would appear to be an increased risk for spontaneous malformations in the case of lithium and there have been inconsistent reports of structural abnormalities following exposure to phenothiazines and benzodiazepines.
Abstract: Accurate prediction of fetal/neonatal risks following maternal psychotropic drug consumption by the human will require much additional study. Based upon our present understanding of fetal exposure to psychotropic drugs, there would appear to be an increased risk for spontaneous malformations in the case of lithium. There have been inconsistent reports of structural abnormalities following exposure to phenothiazines and benzodiazepines. In animal models that demonstrate structural changes due to neuroleptic exposure, in general, extremely large dosages of medication had been given. Thus, their correlative value is limited. Behavioral alterations in animals following drug exposure during pregnancy tend to support increased concerns about the safety of psychotropic drugs for the fetus but cannot be used alone in making a final decision. Behavioral studies evaluating drugs in breast milk have been restricted to experimental animals; hence, the associated risks from this form of drug dosing in man remain unknown. At present, neither gross anatomic nor motor side effects have been apparent in the infant. The question of the development of subtle behavioral changes as a long-term consequence will remain undetermined until careful assessments have been completed.
57 citations
TL;DR: Change in superhelical density of the DNA correlated with the temperature-induced expression of heat shock proteins, and as DNA relaxation was induced by heat treatment or chemicals in an rpoH mutant, the process is not the result of induced synthesis of heatshock proteins.
Abstract: Heat treatment of wild-type Escherichia coli cells led to a transient relaxation of negatively supercoiled plasmid DNA and there was no recovery of DNA torsional strain in the DNA in gyrA mutant cells. After heat treatment, DnaK and GroEL proteins were synthesized continuously in the gyrA mutant cells, whereas they were synthesized only transiently in wild-type cells. Thus, change in superhelical density of the DNA correlated with the temperature-induced expression of heat shock proteins. Inhibitors of DNA gyrase (nalidixic acid, novobiocin), an organic solvent (ethanol) and a psychotropic drug (chlorpromazine) all stimulated relaxation of cellular DNA over the same concentration range that induces heat shock proteins. As DNA relaxation was induced by heat treatment or chemicals in an rpoH mutant, the process is not the result of induced synthesis of heat shock proteins.
57 citations
TL;DR: Psychotropic drugs are extensively prescribed for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms, despite modest efficacy and severe side effects.
Abstract: Background
Psychotropic drugs are extensively prescribed for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms, despite modest efficacy and severe side effects
Aims
We examined trends in psychotropic drug prescribing in Norwegian nursing homes from 1997 to 2009, in order to gain insight in practice development
Methods
The study is a secondary data analysis of six cross-sectional nursing home studies conducted between 1997 and 2009 Patients aged >65 years were included We compared the prevalence of psychotropic drugs (antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antidepressants) Associations between prescription of psychotropics, and patients' age, gender, type of ward, and year of data collection were examined by univariate analysis and logistic regression
Results
Altogether, 7 661 patients (mean age 852 years, 726% women) were included Prevalence of all psychotropic drugs combined increased from 576% to 705%, anxiolytics from 149% to 219%, hypnotics from 145% to 229%, and antidepressants from 315% to 509% Prevalence of antipsychotics varied between extremes 211% and 256% Less prescribing of older drugs was exceeded by an increase in newer drug types Concomitant prescribing of two or more psychotropic drugs increased from 21% to 33% Predictors of psychotropic drugs were female gender (except antipsychotics), as well as age <80 years, and residency in special care units (except hypnotics)
Conclusions
Prescribing of psychotropic drugs in nursing homes has increased considerably, especially regarding antidepressants Explanations for this trend need to be further explored Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
57 citations