Showing papers on "Pulley published in 1998"

Apparatus and method for polishing a flat surface using a belted polishing pad

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method of Chemical Mechanical Planarization ("CMP") for wafer, flat panel display (FPD), and hard drive disk (HDD). The preferred apparatus comprises a looped belt spatially oriented in a vertical direction with respect to a ground floor. A polishing pad is glued to an outer surface of the belt. At an inner surface of the belt, there are a plurality of wafer supports to support the wafers while they are in polishing process. Wafers are loaded from a wafer station to a wafer head using a handling structure before polishing and are unloaded from the wafer head to the wafer station after polishing. An electric motor or equivalent is used to drive the looped belt running over two pulleys. An adjustment means is used to adjust the tension and position of the belt for smooth running. This new CMP machine can be mounted in multiple orientations to save manufacturing space.

Serpentine drive system with improved over-running alternator decoupler

Abstract: A serpentine belt drive system (18) for an automotive vehicle comprising a drive assembly including an internal combustion engine (10) having an output shaft (14) with a driving pulley (16) thereon rotable about a driving pulley axis. A sequence of driven assemblies each has a driven pulley rotable about an axis parallel with the driving pulley axis and a serpentine belt (20) mounted in cooperating relation with the driving pulley (16) and with the driven pulleys in a sequence which corresponds with the sequence of the driven assemblies when related to the direction of movement of the belt to cause said driven pulleys to rotate in response to the rotation of the driving pulley. The sequence of driven assemblies includes an alternator assembly (26) including an alternator shaft (36) mounted for rotation about a shaft axis. A hub strucure (52) is fixedly carried by the alternator shaft (36) for rotation therewith about the shaft axis. A spring and one-way clutch mechanism couples the alternator pulley (26) with the hub structure (52). The spring and one-way clutch mechanism (72) comprises a resilient spring member (74) separately formed from and connected in series with a one-way clutch member (76). The resilient spring member (74) is constructed and arranged to transmit the driven rotational movements of the alternator pulley (26) by the serpentine belt (20) to the hub structure (52) such that the alternator shaft (36) is rotated in the same direction as the alternator pulley (26) while being capable of instantaneous relative resilient movements in opposite directions with respect to the alternator pulley during the driven rotational movement thereof. The one-way clutch member (76) is constructed and arranged to allow the hub structure and hence the alternator shaft to rotate at a speed in excess of the rotational speed of the alternator pulley when the speed of the engine output shaft is decelerated to an extend sufficient to establish the torque between the alternator pulley (26) and the hub structure (52) at the predetermined negative level.

Pathomechanics of Closed Rupture of the Flexor Tendon Pulleys in Rock Climbers

Abstract: We performed a study on twenty-one cadaveric fingers (seven non-paired forearms) to determine the pathomechanics of closed traumatic rupture of the flexor tendon pulleys in rock climbers. The ages of the individuals at the time of death ranged from sixty-one to eighty-four years (mean, seventy-four years). The forearm was placed in a custom-made loading apparatus, and individual fingers were tested separately under simulated in vivo loading conditions. The flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons of each digit were attached to computer-controlled linear stepper motors that were equipped with force transducers, and the force in the tendons was simultaneously increased until avulsion of the tendons or osseous failure occurred. The force in the tendons, the excursion of the tendons, and the force at the fingertip were measured. Damage to the pulleys and bowstringing of the tendons were visualized with a fiberoptic camera. Two fingers fractured before complete rupture of the pulleys. Seventeen of the remaining nineteen fingers sustained an isolated rupture of either the A2 or the A4 pulley as the initial failure event; the A4 pulley ruptured first in fourteen digits (p < 0.001). The A3 and A4 pulleys ruptured simultaneously in one finger, and the A2, A3, and A4 pulleys ruptured simultaneously in another. Subtle bowstringing of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon occurred only after two consecutive pulleys had ruptured (either the A2 and A3 pulleys or the A3 and A4 pulleys). Rupture of all three pulleys was required to produce obvious bowstringing. Isolated rupture of the A2 or A4 pulley did not result in detectable bowstringing of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon. The A1 pulley always remained intact. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bowstringing of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon across the proximal interphalangeal joint with resisted flexion of the fingertips has been considered diagnostic for isolated closed rupture of the A2 pulley. The results of the present study, however, suggest that isolated injury of the A2 pulley rarely occurs. On the basis of our findings, we believe that reliance on bowstringing of the tendon at the proximal interphalangeal joint as an indicator of an isolated rupture of the A2 or A4 pulley may be misleading.

Computed tomography scanner drive system and bearing

Abstract: In an improved computed tomography scanner drive system and bearing configuration, a gantry disk (30) is sheaved about its perimeter (65) such that the gantry is operable as a driven pulley rotatable about an object to be scanned. A motor (46) assembly mounted to a stationary frame (33) includes a similar sheaved drive pulley (80). A belt (64) tensioned between the drive pulley (80) of the motor assembly and the driven pulley of the gantry disk (30) transfers rotational motion of the motor to drive the gantry rotationally about the object. In a preferred embodiment, the belt comprises a V-belt or poly-V-belt (64), and the bearing comprises a wire bearing (59) located proximal to the gantry center of mass. In this manner, the present invention provides a simple and effective technique for driving the gantry about the object, providing suffiently accurate angular positioning in a reliable and cost effective drive system.

Hand-truck with attachments

Abstract: A two-wheeled hand-truck with attachments, with an elevating mechanism incorporated into the body. The upright rails are tubular, and open on the bottom ends. A crank operated cable and pulley system forcibly extends the elevator downwardly. The attachments allow the body to be converted into a four wheel cart with a variable width wheelbase, and a crank operated, pulley assisted, fork lift, or hoist.

Belt type continuously variable transmission

Abstract: In a belt type continuously variable transmission, the oil for the canceler oil chamber and the oil for lubricating the endless belt are commonly used to reduce the required amount of oil to be supplied. The gear shift control oil is supplied to the pulley oil chamber of the driven pulley mounted on the output shaft of the belt type continuously variable transmission through a feed pipe, oil holes of a plug, an oil groove, oil holes of the output shaft and oil holes of the movable pulley half. The lubricating oil supplied to a first in-shaft oil chamber of the output shaft is further supplied through the oil holes of the output shaft to the canceler oil chamber of the driven pulley and also from the first in-shaft oil chamber through a throttle in the plug, the second in-shaft oil chamber and the oil holes of the output shaft to the endless belt.

Robot apparatus and treating apparatus

Abstract: A robot apparatus has a rotatable arm member. A stationary pulley is arranged in the center of the arm member, while a pair of rotatable pulleys are arranged at the respective ends of the arm member. A pair of fingers, used for conveying a work, are attached to the respective rotatable pulleys. A driving force transmission member is engaged with the stationary pulley and the rotatable pulleys. When the arm member is rotated, the driving force transmitting means rotates the rotatable pulleys in accordance with the outer diameter ratio of the stationary pulley to the rotatable pulleys.

Metal V-belt type continuously variable transmission

Abstract: A metal V-belt type continuously variable transmission in which the length of a side of an element contacting with a V-face of a pulley is shortened to increase a ratio range. If the element side length of a metal element is represented by L, the angle of the V-face of the pulley is represented by α, and the hertz surface pressure between the pulley and the metal element is represented by σH, the following relation is established: L ∝ sin α/σH 2. When the hertz surface pressure σH is determined to be between an upper limit value defined by the wear durability of the metal element and a lower limit value defined by the limit tensile force of an endless belt, the element side length L can be decreased by decreasing the angle of the V-face of the pulley. Thus, the distance through which the metal element can be moved radially of the pulley is increased to increase the ratio range.

Portable lumbar traction device

Abstract: Disclosed is a portable apparatus for providing lumbar traction in the home or while traveling which is used in conjunction with a door or gate The apparatus includes an anchoring device which fits over the top of an ordinary door The anchor is connected to an adjustable support strap which is attached to a junction box An adjustable rope passing over a pulley in the junction box is provided with a grip at one end, and a pelvic traction belt at the other end A locking mechanism is provided on the junction box to set the adjustable rope attached to the traction belt in a desired position The device is attached over a door, and the user puts on the traction belt and lies down on the floor with knees bent, the soles of both feet flat against the door By pulling the grip of the rope, the traction belt can be raised to a desired position for traction, and then locked in place After an appropriate period of traction, the user disengages the lock, and lowers the traction belt During use, a knee strap may be used to hold the legs together thereby allowing the user to relax

Mechanical and force transmission for force feedback devices

Abstract: A force feedback interface device includes improvements in a mechanical linkage and drive mechanism. The force feedback device is coupled to a host computer and includes a user manipulatable object graspable by a user, at least one actuator that outputs a force on the user object, and a sensor for sensing motion of the user object. A linkage mechanism provides the user object with degrees of freedom and includes five members rotatably coupled to each other. The linkage mechanism supports the bearings of the device with protrusions rotatably coupled to central members of the linkage. The drive mechanism is preferably a belt drive that includes an idler positioned adjacent to a drive pulley and which impedes radial displacement of a belt away from the drive pulley, and thus impedes losing positive engagement of the belt, without preloading the belt. The idler can be a passive idler that does not contact the belt during operation and/or an active idler that continuously contacts the belt. Some or all portions of the linkage mechanism and the drive mechanism are preferably symmetrical, allowing low cost manufacture of the device.

Integrated front end accessory drive system

Abstract: A system for integrating together all the engine driven accessories on a typical automotive engine such that all the basic engine auxiliaries and secondary chassis related accessories are mounted in a compact and rigid assembly. The driving means for the secondary accessories is typically but not restricted to a single Multi-rib V belt driven by a pulley or torsional damper mounted to the front extension of the crankshaft. The auxiliaries and accessories are built into or mounted rigidly to an integrated housing. The integrated housing is mounted to a single surface of the engine block giving the strength and rigidity needed to carry the loads and offering the best accuracy for the location of the accessories to the crankshaft and to each other for best belt life and minimum noise from the belt and pulleys and engine forcing frequencies. The single housing also offers the ability to allow pre-assembly of the whole front end assembly drive (FEAD) package for the subsequent modular assembly to the rest of the engine.

Drive control for self-propelled power tool

Abstract: A large capacity, self-propelled walk-behind power tool, such as a lawn mower, employs gear-operated transmissions for independently driving each drive wheel. Control handles are connected to idler pulley levers and brake levers to control the movement of the driving wheels. A constant input rate to the control handles results in a variable output rate to the idler pulley levers and the brake levers.

Apparatus for controlling dynamic system in sliding mode and feedforward control

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a dynamic system, for example, a continuously variable transmission for an automotive vehicle which adjusts a gear ratio by bringing a pulley position of a primary pulley into agreement with a target one through a hydraulic system under the feedforward and sliding mode control is provided. The apparatus calculates a feedforward-controlled variable in addition to a feedback-controlled variable and adjusts the pulley position of the primary pulley to a target one using the hydraulic pressure provided based on the sum of the feedforward-controlled variable and the feedback-controlled variable, thereby enhancing the robustness of the sliding mode control without causing the hunting.

Apparatus for changing and guiding running direction of conveyor belt

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a running direction changing and guiding apparatus for a conveyor belt which can change a running direction of a conveyor belt having a concave portion formed on a transferring surface of the conveyor belt by only one conveyor belt. An apparatus comprising a belt main body wound between a main drive pulley and a driven pulley and structured so that a zigzag motion is prevented by engaging a guide body linearly arranged in a back surface of left and right side portions of the belt main body along a running direction of the belt main body with a guide groove on a peripheral surface of the main drive pulley and a peripheral surface of the driven pulley, characterized in that the apparatus comprises guide body supporting rollers opposing to each other so as to form a pair and supporting inner and outer side surfaces of the guide body arranged on the back surface of the left and right side portions of the belt main body by peripheral surfaces thereof, a belt pressing roller for pressing the left and right side portions of the belt main body from the transferring surface side toward the guide body supporting rollers by a peripheral surface thereof for positioning the guide body between the guide body supporting rollers, and a running direction changing roller arranged in parallel to the belt pressing roller, and changing the running direction of the belt main body by moving the transferring surface of the belt main body along the peripheral surface. The running direction of the belt main body is changed from descent to ascent directions, from horizontal to ascent directions or from descent to horizontal directions.

Self-propelled power tool control device

Abstract: A large capacity, self-propelled walk-behind power tool, such as a lawn mower, employs gear-operated transmissions for independently driving each drive wheel The transmission output shafts connect directly with the drive wheels, and clutch elements for use with the respective transmissions operably engage an input pulley to the transmission rather than an output pulley The drive wheels are directly connected to the transmissions and the location of the clutching elements is within the periphery of the respective belts The drive assembly is enclosed by the drive deck

Apparatus for physical exercise

Abstract: Apparatus for training of muscles, comprising a support (1) wherein a sliding seat (6) is supported on a rail (4), said rail being adjustable to permit the seat sliding travels in desired angles to a horizontal plane, and two-pulley cables (7,8) are attached in the support and longitudinally adjustable, the load of said pulley cables being adjusted as desired by threading the cables in alternative running paths in the apparatus, and through which pulley cables the user moves his body along the rail while resting on the seat for training the muscles of arms, legs and body exclusively against the load of his own body weight, said load being adjusted to the user's muscle strength through an appropriate selection of the running path and power reduction of the pulley cables and the seat angle relative to the horizontal plane.

A steering gear for pivoted wheels on a vehicle

Abstract: A steering mechanism for steering angular deflections carried out on a vehicle's/carriage's pivoted steering travelling wheels (10a, 12a; 10b, 12b) positioned in a row at each side of the carriage (16). During turning, the mechanism allots to each of the pivoted, steerable travelling wheels (10a, 10b, 12a, 12b) a correct deflection differing from that of each of the other steerable wheels (parallelism may occur between pivoted, steerable wheels (10a, 10b, 12a, 12b) upon 90° turns). Each steerable wheel is assigned an upright shaft for turning around the axis thereof, said shaft carrying at least one non-circular motion-transferring means (22a, 22b, 24a', 24b') which, according to the invention, have elliptical circumferential shape and have the form of chain wheels/belt pulleys, identical in pairs. The elliptical chain wheels/belt pulleys (22a, 22b, 24a', 24b') are motion-transferringly interconnected by means of endless, drivable chains/belts (26, 28, 30).

Tracked drive tower for a self-propelled irrigation system

Abstract: A drive tower for a self-propelled irrigation system is described which is of the track type. The drive tower includes an elongated frame having opposite ends. A drive pulley is mounted at one end of the frame while a tail pulley is mounted at the other end of the frame. The drive pulley comprises a pair of spaced-apart, disc-shaped plates having spaced-apart rods secured thereto and extending therebetween at the periphery thereof for engagement with the interior surface of the belt. The interior surface of the traction belt is provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart lugs which are received between the rods on the drive wheel. The tail pulley and the idler pulleys have peripheries which receive the lugs on the inner surface of the belt. The exterior surface of the belt is also provided with a plurality of transversely extending traction lugs. The belt is driven by means of a double reduction gear drive.

Belt tension mechanism

Abstract: A belt tension mechanism for tensioning an associated belt drive system on an associated vehicle is provided. The associated belt drive system includes a double stacked pulley, a first belt for providing power from a power mechanism to the double stacked pulley and a second belt for providing power from the double stacked pulley to an associated implement. A first tensioning mechanism is provided for tensioning the first belt and a second tensioning mechanism is provided for tensioning the second belt. A tension arm selectively simultaneously tensions the first and second belts from an inoperative condition to an operative condition or from an operative condition to an inoperative condition. A balancing mechanism is also provided for balancing tension on the first and second belts as the implement is selectively height adjusted.

Experimental and finite element studies of the running of V-ribbed belts in pulley grooves:

Abstract: A finite element model of a complete loop of V-ribbed belt running between two torque transmitting pulleys has been created to study the mechanics of contact between a belt rib and pulley groove. It has been validated against experimental measurements of radial movement of a K-section belt running on 80 mm diameter pulleys. Patterns of sticking and slip between the belt and pulley are predicted. Of particular interest are the patterns of traction in entry and exit regions and, in fully seated regions, the variations with distance from the cord line. Both steady state and transient behaviours are modelled. Successful computations have only been achieved after developing a simplified description of the belt rubber's incompressible hyperelasticity, based on subsidiary experimental and finite element testing. Of major interest is the severe contact conditions predicted on driving pulleys compared to driven pulleys at the same loading.

Multi-function exercise apparatus that utilizes a single cable pulley system

Abstract: An exercise apparatus that enables a person to perform a variety of different exercises. The exercise apparatus has a frame structure that includes a plurality of vertical columns. A bench assembly is supported by at least one of the vertical columns at a variable angle of inclination. A weight holder also is coupled to at least one of the vertical columns, wherein the weight holder is free to move in a vertical direction along the length of the column. In addition to the bench assembly, at least one exercise mechanism is coupled to the frame structure. Each exercise mechanism includes an element that is pivotably coupled to the frame structure. A pulley is connected to each element at a point a predetermined distance from the pivot point. Additional pulleys are mounted on the frame structure, thereby forming an overall pulley arrangement. A cable extends through the pulley arrangement including the pulleys on the exercise mechanisms. The tension in the cable biases the various exercise mechanisms into set positions relative the frame structure. As a person engages the exercise mechanisms and moves the exercise mechanisms out of their set positions, the tension in the cable is altered and the weight holder is moved.

Line adjustment actuator

Abstract: An actuator (70) for adjustment of a flexible line such as a cable, rope or the like, the actuator (70) including a screw threaded spindle (154) and a cooperatively engaging adjustment member comprising a nut (152) with an internal screw thread being in threaded engagement with an external screw thread (84) of the spindle (154) and the adjustment member is rotatable relative to the spindle (154) to cause axial movement of the spindle (154), a turning block or pulley (156) is mounted on an end of the spindle (154) for rotation on an axis extending transversely with respect to the axis if the spindle (154) and the flexible line is retained in relation to the spindle (154) by passing it around the turning block or pulley (156) for adjustment of the flexible line by axial movement of the spindle (154).

Device for driving a childcare apparatus for infants

Abstract: A device for reciprocating a bed or cradle on supporting rods has a driving pulley (1) on a rotational first axle (50) of a driving motor (M) and a first decelerating pulley (2) on a second axle (23). The first decelerating pulley is connected to the driving pulley (1) by a first belt (7A). A first small pulley (3) on the second axle (9A) is connected to a second decelerating pulley (4) on a third axle (9B) by a second belt (7B). A second small pulley (5) on the third axle (9B) is connected to a third decelerating pulley (6) on a driving axle (8) by a third belt (7C). A disk (11) axially on the driving axle (8) has an eccentric axle (12) thereon. An idle cap (13) on the eccentric axle (12) for rotation has springs (14 and 14a) on opposite sides thereof. Supporting rods (16) are respectively connected to the springs (14 and 14a) for being moved back and forth or from side to side by tension of the springs (14 and 14a) as the rotational disk (11) is rotating.

Tailgate assist-ezee lift

Abstract: This invention is a tailgate lift kit which incorporates two pulleys mounted in a housing in the side wall region of a pickup truck, an elongated coiled spring has one end fixedly mounted at one end of the housing on an adjustable bolt for spring tension adjustment. A cable extends from the tailgate of the pick up truck, over the first pulley, around the second pulley which is fastened to the second end of the spring, and the second end of the cable fastens to the housing near the first pulley.

Block and tackle balance with integral pulley system

Abstract: A block and tackle balance disposed between a jambliner and a window sash includes a spring and a non-rotating pulley system. A head block is disposed on a rod for attaching the balance to the jambliner and securing one end of the spring, and a slide block is disposed at about the midpoint of the rod for securing the other end of the spring. The slide block acts in combination with a base block and a pulley cord, to create the non-rotating pulley system. The slide block and the base block each have at least one cord-receiving channel formed in a raised u-shaped member, for slidably receiving the pulley cord. The base block further includes a bore for securing an end of the pulley cord, and is coupled via the pulley cord to a shoe, which moves in response to movement of the window sash. As the shoe moves, the cord slides within the channels, and the slide block moves toward the base block. The displacement of the slide block relative to the fixed head block, results in a change in the length of the spring such that the spring supports the new position of the window sash.

Fastening device for belt pulleys

Abstract: The combination comprising, a bearing housed in a belt pulley, a sealing disk covering the bearing clamped between the head of a screw and the inner ring of the roller bearing, means attaching said sealing disk 4 directly to the inner ring axially and radially and including projections 13, 14 extending into the bore of the inner ring to secure the screw 3 for transport.

Automotive timing belt life laws and a user design guide

Abstract: The paper presents a computer-based guide of the effect of layout and loading (tension and torque) on the timing belt life and uses it to show the sensitivity of life to changed conditions in an automotive camshaft drive. The predictions are in line with experience. The guide requires belt property information, such as the tooth and tension member stiffness, the friction coefficient between the belt lands and pulleys and the pitch difference from the pulley, in order to calculate the tooth deflections caused by the belt loadings on the various pulleys in the layout. It also requires information on how the belt life depends on the tooth deflections. Experimental data are presented on the life—deflection relations of a commercial automotive timing belt tested between 100 and 140°C, although the bulk of the data has been obtained at 120°C. Four different life laws have been found, depending on whether the failure-initiating deflection occurred on a driver or a driven pulley, and whether at entry to o...

Carriage system with variable belt tension

Abstract: A carriage drive system includes a timing belt pivotally anchored to a carriage. A drive motor rotates the timing belt, moving the carriage along a carriage path. The drive belt moves along a pair of pulleys. A first pulley is coupled to the motor's drive shaft. A second pulley is coupled to an idler spring. The idler spring determines the belt tension when the belt is stationary. Acceleration of the carriage alters the belt tension. A pivot connection occurs between the drive belt and the carriage. During acceleration, the pivotal connection rotates shortening the effective length of the belt, which in turn stretches the idler spring, and increases belt tension. While the carriage is at rest or moving at constant velocity, the pivot connection serves to reduce side load impact on the drive motor's shaft and windings. The pivot connection also isolates the carriage from high frequency vibrations.

Belt driving device having a belt shift correcting member

Abstract: A belt driving device in which an endless belt is spanned around a drive pulley and a driven pulley and the belt is driven by rotation of the drive pulley includes a belt shift correcting member for correcting shifting of the endless belt. When the endless belt is shifted towards one side in an axial direction of one of the drive pulley and the driven pulley, the belt shift correcting member increases an angle of a circumference of the one of the drive and driven pulleys contacting a width-wise end part of the endless belt at the one side such that the angle of the circumference of the one of the drive and driven pulleys contacting the width-wise end part of the endless belt at the one side is larger at a part of the one of the drive and driven pulleys contacting an edge part of the width-wise end part of the endless belt than at other parts of the one of the drive and driven pulleys contacting other parts of the width-wise end part of the endless belt, and the angle of the circumference of the one of the drive and driven pulleys contacting the width-wise end part of the endless belt decreases toward a part of the one of the drive and driven pulleys contacting a width-wise center part of the endless belt. Furthermore, a coefficient of friction relative to the endless belt is made higher at a circumferential surface of an axial end part of the one of the drive and driven pulleys, which comes in contact with the width-wise end part of the endless belt at the one side in the axial direction of the one of the drive and driven pulleys, than at a circumferential surface of an axial center part of the one of the drive and driven pulleys.