Showing papers on "Pulley published in 2005"

Belt-type continuously variable transmission

Abstract: In a belt type continuously variable transmission in which a pulley shaft (SP) is supported by bearings (31, 32) provided at two positions that are apart from each other in an axial direction of the pulley shaft (SP) and a supply oil passage for supplying hydraulic fluid to a pulley hydraulic chamber (40A, 40B) includes a radial direction oil passage (SPB) that is formed in the pulley shaft (SP,), the radial direction oil passage (SPB) is formed on an outside of an area between the above-mentioned two positions. Also, one of the bearings (32) is provided near the radial direction oil passage (SPB) and on an outer surface side of a cylinder member (70) whose inner surface side forms the pulley hydraulic chamber (40B) for a movable sheave (38) that is fixed to the pulley shaft (SP). With this structure, concentration of stress on the radial direction oil passage can be avoided, and therefore strength of the pulley shaft can be secured.

Exercise system using exercise resistance cables

Abstract: An exercise resistance cable apparatus for engagement with a pulley assembly of a support structure and with a cable locking pin of an anchor assembly of the support structure. The exercise resistance cable apparatus includes an elastic exercise resistance cable. A cable anchor ring is securely connected to a first end of the elastic exercise resistance cable. A handgrip is connected to a second end of the elastic exercise resistance cable. During use the elastic exercise resistance cable is directed through an activity bay of the pulley assembly and ultimately attached, via the cable anchor ring, to the cable locking pin of the anchor assembly of the support structure. The exercise resistance cable apparatus is particularly adapted to be used with an exercise chair having a frame with pulley assemblies defining a plurality of activity bays positioned at desired locations thereon.

The Influence of Pulley Deformations on the Shifting Mechanism of Metal Belt CVT

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the shifting behavior of a metal belt CVT. The calculations are performed for the chain belt case by using a one-dimensional model of the belt: the radial thickness of the belt is neglected. The friction forces are modeled on the basis of the Coulomb friction hypothesis. The deformation of the belt, i.e., the variation of its transversal width, is shown to be negligible with respect to the variation of the local groove width caused by the elastic deformation of the pulleys and by the clearance in the bearings. The particular shape of the deformed pulley is described on the basis of Sattler model (1999) who showed that the variation of the groove angle and that one of the local groove width of the pulley can be easily described by simple trigonometric formulas. The paper shows that the characteristic behavior of the transmission during slow shifting maneuvers, referred to as "creep mode, " is caused by the bending of the pulleys, that is to say for rigid pulleys no "creep mode" can be observed. Moreover, the model shows that increasing the rate of change of speed ratio a transition from the "creep-mode" to the so called "slip-mode" behavior of the variator takes place, as experimentally observed.

Robotic hand and arm apparatus

Abstract: A robotic hand and arm where the fingers are driven by rotational motors with drums, and pulled with cables using rolling friction. The hand extends into a robotic arm through a wrist wherein the wrist is controlled by pneumatic cylinders. Each finger preferably is provided with four manufactured parts and a single pulley. The thumb is provided with three pulleys for independent distal movement. Cables wraps around or over pulleys, eliminating tight bends. A glove is provided about the robotic hand which provides a compressive, liquid resistant membrane.

Steady Mechanics of Belt-Pulley Systems

Abstract: Steady state analysis of a two-pulley belt drive is conducted where the belt is modeled as a moving Euler-Bernoulli beam with bending stiffness. Other factors in the classical creep theory, such as elastic extension and Coulomb friction with the pulley, are retained, and belt inertia is included. Inclusion of the bending stiffness leads to nonuniform distribution of the tension and speed in the belt spans and alters the belt departure points from the pulley. Solutions for these quantities are obtained by a numerical iteration method that generalizes to n-pulley systems. The governing boundary value problem (BVP), which has undetermined boundaries due to the unknown belt-pulley contact points, is first converted to a standard fixed boundary form. This form is readily solvable by general purpose BVP solvers. Bending stiffness reduces the wrap angles, improves the power efficiency, increases the span tensions, and reduces the maximum transmissible moment.

Belt-type continuously variable transmission

Abstract: In a continuously variable transmission, a primary pulley includes a first fixed sheave coupled with an input rotation shaft, and a first movable sheave configured to move on the input rotation shaft in an axial direction of the primary pulley; and a secondary pulley includes a second fixed sheave, and a second movable sheave. At least one of the primary and secondary pulleys further includes an axially fixed wall configured to rotate together with the corresponding rotation shaft; and a movable cylinder configured to move together with the corresponding movable sheave, cooperating with the fixed wall to define a cylinder chamber of the corresponding pulley, and having a cylindrically-shaped opening axially outside of the cylinder chamber, the movable cylinder being laid out to permit the opening to axially overlap with at least a portion of a bearing which rotatably supports the corresponding rotation shaft.

High-Frequency Ultrasonographic Examination of the Finger Pulley System

Abstract: Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of high-frequency ultrasonography to provide for direct evaluation of the annular and cruciform finger pulley system. Methods. In the first part of the work, a cadaveric study was performed to outline the normal anatomy of the annular and cruciform finger pulley system. Eighteen cadaveric hands were cut (n = 10) or dissected (n = 8). Two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed in consensus the photographs of anatomic sections and dissections. This cadaveric study gave the 2 readers the opportunity to learn the normal anatomy of the finger pulley system. In the second part of the work, the annular and cruciform finger pulley system of 20 hands of volunteers was evaluated by ultrasonography with a 17-MHz linear transducer. Images were retrospectively analyzed by means of consensus of the 2 radiologists with respect to the visibility of each finger pulley. Results. For annular (A) pulleys, high-frequency ultrasonography showed A1, A2, A3, and A4 in 100%, 100%, 65%, and 100% of cases, respectively. For cruciform (C) pulleys, high-frequency ultrasonography showed only C1 in 45% of cases. Direct visualization of A5, C2, and C3 was not possible. Conclusions. High-frequency ultrasonography allows excellent depiction of finger pulleys except for annular pulley A5 and cruciform pulleys C2 and

Zipline braking and motion-arrest system

Abstract: Braking and motion-arrest apparatus for braking the arrival of a zipline cable rider at a landing platform and arresting the rider's motion to retain the rider at the platform. A frame is mounted on the cable to allow longitudinal rolling movement of the frame along the cable. A self-closing one-way latch is provided at the forward end of the frame. The latch includes a pair of capture plates which are normally inwardly biased toward one another, on opposite sides of the cable. The rider is tethered to a pulley block which rolls along the cable and collides with the latch. The collision force drives the plates laterally away from the cable, allowing the pulley block to roll through the latch. After the pulley block rolls past the latch, the plates' normal biasing closes the latch, preventing the pulley block from rolling back through the latch.

Synchronized compound archery bow

Abstract: A rigging structure for a compound archery bow includes first and second pulley assemblies, pivotally mounted on axles at tips of corresponding first and second limbs of a compound bow and interconnected by cables. Each pulley assembly includes a dynamic synchronizing component, and the rigging preferably also includes means for avoiding the usual leaning moment imposed upon the pulley assemblies by the cables of conventional riggings.

Belt alternator starter accessory drive with dual tensioner

Abstract: An accessory drive for an engine has a belt driven starter generator adapted for driving and being driven by the engine. In an exemplary embodiment, the drive includes a first engine drive pulley and a second starter drive pulley. A drive belt engages the drive pulleys for driving either pulley from the other. A dual belt tensioner made as a preassembled unit has a carrier with a central pivot mounted to the engine and first and second carrier arms extending radially from the central pivot. A first tensioner mounted on the first arm carries a first tensioner pulley biased against a first belt run adjacent the second drive pulley that is slack during engine starting. A second tensioner pulley carried on the second arm is biased against a second belt run adjacent the second drive pulley that is taut during engine starting A hydraulic strut connected to the second arm, and preferably included in the preassembled unit, provides moderate biasing for the second tensioner pulley during normal engine operation and velocity sensitive resistance, to increased belt forces, that limits reactive movement of the second tensioner pulley during engine starting and transient engine operation.

Microslip friction in flat belt drives

Abstract: The microslip shear model of belt mechanics is extended to fully incorporate belt inertia effects and used to analyse the steady state of a two-pulley drive. The belt is modelled as an axially moving string consisting of a tension-bearing member and a pliable elastomer envelope. Relative displacement between the tension-bearing member and the pulley surfaces shears the elastomer envelope, transferring the friction from the pulley surface to the tension-bearing member. The belt-pulley contact arcs consist of adhesion and sliding zones. Static friction exists in the adhesion zones, whereas kinetic friction exists in the sliding zones. An iteration method involving one outer and two inner loops is proposed to find the steady mechanics, including the sliding and adhesion zones, belt-pulley friction, and belt tension distribution. The outer loop iterates on the tight span tension similar to that used in published creep models. Two inner loops iterate on the tight span and driven pulley speeds respectiv...

Steering device for vehicle

Abstract: A vehicle steering device includes a cable, a pulley, and a securing portion The cable transmits movement of an operating unit operated by a driver to a turning unit that turns a steering control wheel The pulley winds up the cable The securing portion secures an end of the cable to the pulley A restricting member is provided at the pulley The cable is wound up along a winding groove, which is formed in an outer peripheral surface of the pulley As the pulley is rotated, the cable is brought into contact with the winding groove by the restricting member The restricting member is disposed at a location that is separated from the securing portion along the winding groove by a predetermined length

Tensioner for a drive belt of a motor vehicle

Abstract: Tensioner for a belt drive (1), including a rigid element (12) rotatably connected around a first axis (B) and a couple of idle pulleys (17, 18) supported by a rigid element (12) on opposing parts of axis (B) and adapted to cooperate with respective sections (31, 32) of a belt (30) of belt drive (1) The tensioner (2) also includes a mobile element (25) hinged to a second fixed axis (A) carrying the first axis (B)

On a Perturbation Method for the Analysis of Unsteady Belt-Drive Operation

Abstract: A perturbation method is presented for use in analyzing unsteady belt-drive operation. The method relies on the important assumption that for operating states close to steady operation, the friction state (i.e., whether the bell is creeping or sticking at any location on the pulley) is similar to that of the well-known steady solution in which a lone stick arc precedes a lone slip arc (Johnson, K. L., 1985, Contact Mechanics, Cambridge U.P., London, Chap. 8; Smith, D. P., 1999, Tribol. Int., 31(8), pp. 465-477). This assumption, however, is not used to determine the friction force distribution, and, in fact, the friction forces in the stick zone are found to be nonzero, in direct contrast to the steady solution. The perturbation analysis is used to derive expressions for the span tensions, the pulley tension distributions, the contact forces between the belt and the pulleys, and the angular velocity of the driven pulleys. Validity criteria are developed which determine bounds on the operation state for which the assumed friction state is upheld. Verification of response quantities from the perturbation solution is accomplished through comparison to quantities predicted by an in-house dynamic finite element model and excellent agreement is found. Additionally, the finite element model is used to verify the key assumption that a lone slip arc precedes a lone stick arc.

Apparatus for generating electric power using wave force

Abstract: The present invention concerns an apparatus for generating electric power using wave force. The apparatus is composed of a floater attached to a lever which moves up and down with the motion of wave, which transfers the oscillatory movement to a driving shaft to rotate a gear wheel for generating a rotation force that is transferred to a flywheel connected to a shaft to drive a large pulley which carries a flat belt that is engaged with a small pulley for transmitting motion and power to activate an electric generator to run and yield electricity, and small gears to rotate on the shaft and to reverse the direction of the rotation force of the gear wheel causing the lever to oscillate.

Finite element analysis of V-ribbed belts using neural network based hyperelastic material model

Abstract: A three-dimensional finite element model was built to study V-ribbed belt pulley contact mechanics. The model consists of a pulley and a segment of V-ribbed belt in contact with the pulley. A material model for the belt, including the rubber compound and the reinforcing cord is developed. Rubber is modeled as hyperelastic material. The hyperelastic strain energy function is approximated by neural network trained by rubber test data. Reinforcing cord is modeled as elastic rebar. The material model developed is implemented in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS to simulate the V-ribbed belt-pulley system. A study is then conducted to investigate the effect of belt pulley system parameters on the contact mechanics. The effects of temperature and aging on belt materials are also investigated. The information gained from the analysis can be applied to optimize V-ribbed belt and pulley design.

Pulley for a power transmission member, a separate starter-alternator fitted with such a pulley, and an engine drive system

Abstract: The invention seeks to provide a transmission system, in particular for a starter-alternator, capable both of damping large variations in torque under starting conditions (drive from the alternator) and of providing effective decoupling under running conditions (alternator driven) In an embodiment, the decoupling located between a central hub and a rim over which a drive belt (not shown) is tensioned, is provided by at least one decoupler element designed to provide optimized stiffness In addition, the decoupler assembly is associated with at least one deflection limiter having two components: a central plate secured to an outside face of the central hub and coupled to abutments that are regularly distributed around the periphery of an inside face of the rim, the abutments and the plate being shaped so as to come into deforming contact The resilient assembly provides two stiffness values, whether in the drive direction or in the driven direction The invention is applicable to starter-alternators, crankshafts, and other power transmission members (compressors, etc)

Control device for automatic transmission

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a detecting method of engine rotation speed in which a continuously variable transmission has no negative effect even if an engine is forcibly driven by a starter in an engine equipped with an economical running system. SOLUTION: An engine is equipped with a starter whose operation is controlled with an auxiliary control unit and which can increase engine rotation speed by forcibly driving the engine from outside during an engine operation in which operation is controlled by an engine control unit. If an automatic transmission is a continuously variable transmission consisting of a torque converter, a forward and reverse switching clutch, two pairs of pulleys made up of primary pulleys and secondary pulleys, a V belt laid over across these pulleys, and a pulley driving mechanism in which a groove width of the pulley can be changed, the pulley driving mechanism is made to increase pinching force of a belt on a secondary pulley side of a continuously variable transmission as protecting operation of the continuously variable transmission during a drive of a starter. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Hybrid construction machinery

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify and downsize a belt transmission structure of a power system, while securing a large-capacity power source for control with good voltage stability. SOLUTION: In this hybrid construction machinery, hydraulic pumps 16a and 16b, a generator motor 17, a cooling fan 29, and a compressor 32 for air conditioning in a cabin are driven by an engine 13 which is installed in the engine compartment 12 of upper machinery 2. The hybrid construction machinery is equipped with a main storage device 20 as a main power source, which is charged by the output of the generator motor 17, and control equipment which includes a controller 21. The power source for control, which serves as a power source for the control equipment is constituted by connecting an auxiliary storage device 22 to the storage device 20 via a DC/DC converter. Belt transmission equipment 34 is constituted as follows: a crank pulley is attached to the output shaft of the engine 13; a fan pulley is attached to the driving shaft of the cooling fan 29; a compressor pulley is attached to the driving shaft of the compressor; and a belt is looped over each of the pulleys. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Power switchover apparatus for a hybrid vehicle

Abstract: To provide a power switchover apparatus for a hybrid vehicle, which can perform power switchover smoothly. Target follow-up control is started, and when the engine speed reaches a clutch-in speed of a starter clutch, the input power shaft of a continuously variable transmission starts rotation. The speed of the output power shaft also begins to gradually rise in response to the starting of rotation. The engine speed then reaches a target, and transmission ratio raising control of raising the transmission ratio based on the difference between the motor speed of a drive shaft and the speed of a driven side pulley is started. The motor speed Nm of the drive motor and the speed of the driven side power transmission pulley then become equal to each other and the one-way clutch is placed into a connected state. Consequently, the transmission ratio raising control is stopped and normal control is entered.

Pulley device with built-in one-way clutch

Abstract: A pulley device with a built-in one-way clutch, in which an engagement failure of the one-way clutch can be prevented even if torque and angular velocity inputted in a pulley is excessive. A pulley device (40) with a built-in one-way clutch has a pulley (42) having on its outer peripheral surface a belt groove (42a), a sleeve (41) fixed to a rotating shaft and rotatable with the shaft, a one-way clutch (43) provided between the pulley (42) and the sleeve (41) and allowing the transmission of rotational force between the pulley (42) and the sleeve (41) only when either the pulley (42) or the sleeve (41) tends to rotate relative to the other in a predetermined direction, and elastic members (55, 56) arranged, as separate bodies from the one-way clutch (43), between the pulley (42) and the sleeve (41).

Transmission controller for continuously variable transmission system

Abstract: A transmission controller for a continuously variable transmission system steadily returns a gear ratio toward the low-ratio range, even after a driving pulley has stopped during sudden deceleration. A control unit is provided which drives an actuator to move a driving-pulley movable half part to a position in the low-ratio range when a vehicle speed sensor detects the sudden deceleration of a body, a pulley number-of-revolution sensor detects stopping of the driving pulley, and then a gear ratio sensor detects that the gear ratio of the continuously variable transmission system has not returned to the low-ratio range where a sufficient acceleration is obtainable at the time of restart. Upon detecting a restart, the control unit presses the driving-pulley movable half part onto a V-belt to prevent sliding therebetween and thereby reduce a loss in the transmission of a driving force at the time of restart.

Belt attachment tool

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a belt attachment tool capable of easily and securely attaching a belt to a double hook pulley without damaging the belt and without generating noise. SOLUTION: The inside of the belt 2 is hooked on an introduction part 5 protruding at a front side and guided to a back side pulley groove 4b along a traverse guide 6 in an arc shape covering the outer circumference side of the front side pulley 3a. The inserted belt 2 is prevented from lifting by a pressing piece 7 provided above the backside pulley groove 4b. Thus, the belt 2 is easily and securely attached to the back side pulley 3b. Since the outer circumference side of the front side pulley 3a is covered by the traverse guide 6, abrasion with a front side pulley groove 4a and a front side flange 10a at this side is eliminated, and damage to the belt 2 and the generation of noise are prevented. When the belt 2 is inserted in the backside pulley groove 4b, an attaching part 8 prevents the belt attachment tool 1 from coming off from the double purchase pulley 3 by a reaction force of the belt 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

A motorized pulley with cable connector

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motorized pulley (1) with a cylindrical cable connector (10) comprising a cylindrical drum (5) that is mounted rotatably about a shaft (11) and is configured for being fixedly mounted on supporting neans, said cylindrical drum (5) delimiting an interior space intended for receiving an electric motor (20) for producing a rotating movement of the drum about the shaft (11), and wherein said shaft comprises a cylindrical recess (9) configured at an end of the shaft (11) for receiving the cylindrical cable connector (10) that is electrically coupled to said electric motor (20). Hereby a motorized pulley is accomplished that has a cable connector able to allow for tolerances deriving from the manufacture of the individual parts and mounting tolerances in the motorized pulley with the cable connector.

Device For Damping Rotary Oscillations

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for damping rotary oscillations in a drive train with a freewheel clutch (27) situated between a belt pulley (25) and a hub (26) of a rotor. Said hub (26) is connected to an input shaft of an auxiliary unit, and the belt pulley (25) is connected to a crankshaft via a belt, and the freewheel clutch (27) has an inner ring (34), which surrounds the hub (26) while being fixed thereto, and comprises an outer ring (35), which surrounds the inner ring (34) with radial play and which is fixed to the belt pulley (25). At least one locking element (36) that is actuated according to centrifugal force is provided in the inner ring (34), and at least one locking location (37) is provided in the outer ring (35).

Belt type continuously variable transmission

Abstract: A belt type continuously variable transmission includes a primary pulley ( 11 ), a secondary pulley ( 12 ), a belt ( 13 ) wound around the primary pulley and secondary pulley; a sensor ( 27, 21 ) for detecting a vehicle running state; and a controller ( 1 ). The controller ( 1 ) is programmed to: set a final pulley ratio achieved by a shift of the pulley ratio of the primary and secondary pulleys, based on the vehicle running state, compute a primary steady oil pressure supplied to the primary pulley and a secondary steady oil pressure supplied to the secondary pulley based on an input torque inputted to the primary pulley and an actual pulley ratio, determine a target shift speed based on the final pulley ratio, compute a target stroke speed of the primary pulley and/or secondary pulley from the target shift speed, compute a target pulley rotation speed of the primary pulley, based on the vehicle running state, compute a transitional oil pressure correction amount which can attain the target shift speed, in response to the target pulley rotation speed and the target stroke speed, and set one of the oil pressure supplied to the primary pulley and the oil pressure supplied to the secondary pulley, to the sum of the steady oil pressure and the transitional oil pressure correction amount, so as to attain the final pulley ratio.

Line pressure control apparatus for belt-drive continuously variable transmission

Abstract: In a line pressure control apparatus of a belt-drive CVT, a shift is achieved by varying V-groove widths of primary and secondary pulleys by a differential pressure between primary and secondary pulley pressures, originating from line pressure. The differential pressure is created by bringing a shift actuator, such as a step motor, into a control position corresponding to a target transmission ratio. The target transmission ratio is calculated based on a theoretical transmission ratio based on engine-and-vehicle operating conditions, taking account of a hardware response delay and a disturbance. The target transmission ratio is converted into a reference-model operative position, corresponding to a reference-model number-of-steps of the shift actuator. An actual transmission ratio is converted into an actual-transmission-ratio related operative position. Line pressure is corrected in a manner so as to reduce the positional deviation between the reference-model operative position and the actual-transmission-ratio related operative position.

Lift comprising a flat belt as a tractive element

Abstract: The invention relates to a lift comprising a belt pulley (37) and at least one flat belt (33) for supporting and displacing a lift cabin. To guide the flat belt (33) on the belt pulley (37), the latter comprises at least one guide groove (33.4), in which at least one guide rib (37.2) that projects from the pulley bearing surface (37.1) of the belt pulley (37) engages.