Purchasing power

About: Purchasing power is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2714 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36866 citations. The topic is also known as: adjusted for inflation.

Cross‐countries analysis of rising food prices: policy responses and implications on emerging markets

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this study is to create an opportunity to see what is wrong with agriculture and provide an opportunity for much needed change. It identified who benefits or bears the pains of food prices increase, examines the causes and effects of the increase and discusses policy responses by various countries and the implications of such interventions.Design/methodology/approach – Secondary data were employed and analyzed through simple descriptive statistics.Findings – The results of the findings showed that increase in food prices affects the nutrition of not only the poor but also the working and middle classes. It limits the food consumption of the poor and worsens the dietary quality. It revealed that foods are available in many countries but millions of people have no purchasing power. Some of the driving forces of price increase include expansion of biofuels, high demand for food, and high cost of food production, climate change, unfavorable government policy and underinvestment in agr...

Strategic Management of Tourism Sector in Bangladesh to raise Gross Domestic Product: An analysis

Abstract: Tourism sector brings tremendous opportunities as a fastest-growing economic sector in terms of foreign exchange earnings, creation of employment opportunities and raising purchasing power. As such tourism sector can play positive contribution towards enhancing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. The tourism sector in Bangladesh has been gradually growing from mid Nineties to till now. The study has been undertaken to observe effective and efficient utilization of strategic management of tourism sector to raise Gross domestic product through which macroeconomic sustainability over the time period of the country can be improved. Time period of the study is from December 2009 to February 2010.Authors’ suggested that through improving the efficiency and effectiveness of services of tourism sector ,arranging better facilities ,cost cutting techniques, technological improvements and infrastructural development, both local and foreign tourists can be encouraged to tour with different alternative causes . As such tourism sector may be grown up under holistic approach which in turn will raise Gross Domestic Products as macro economic variables of the country will be improved and sustainable development can be attained. They also argued that through developing public and private sector partnership, Bangladesh Government, related other autonomous organizations/bodies and also foreign direct investment to build strategic leadership, formulating appropriate strategies and implementing of these strategies will create new opportunities and strengthening capacity building and minimizing the weakness as well as removing threats can be feasible.

Do spatial price indices reshuffle the Italian income distribution

Abstract: This paper examines how spatial price differentials affect income distribution in Italy. Established results concerning disparities between the Northern and Southern regions of Italy hold up when adjusting incomes for the regional purchasing power. Poverty is still concentrated in the Southern part of the country. Furthermore, the cost-of-living indices that have the highest impact on the Italian income distribution are those accounting for regional differential in housing prices.

Looking at Purchasing Development through the Lens of Small Business

Abstract: Buyer-supplier relationships can vary between organizations. In some organizations buyer-supplier relationships are predominately short-term and arms-length in nature. But in other organizations, buyer-supplier relationships have evolved to a more strategic level and primarily consist of long-term cooperative relationships. In such cases, it is difficult to determine where supplier activity and responsibility ends and buyer activity and responsibility begins (Khoja et at., 2010). As organizations progress strategically, I suppliers are no longer viewed as low cost sources of goods and services but as assets that can enhance the capabilities of the buying organization. The integration of key suppliers into the supply chain requires the formation of long-term, customized, partnering arrangements with suppliers (Anderson and Katz, 1998). To distinguish process of transformation from state of transformation, "purchasing development" is defined as the process of transitioning from short-term or opportunistic purchasing approaches to more strategic approaches, and "purchasing maturity" is defined as the level or level to which a firm has progressed in its purchasing development. While there has been significant research on purchasing development and purchasing maturity in large firms and in businesses in general (for example, Ganesan, 1994; Jap, 1999), until recently, not much research has been directed at small business (Paik et ai, 2009; Paik, 2011). Practitioners and researchers often assume that purchasing processes and approaches that predominate in large organizations are also appropriate for, and used by, smaller organizations (Gibb, 2000). In many large organizations purchasing processes are often well developed, and levels of purchasing maturity are well defined and long-standing. But this may not be true for small businesses. Purchasing processes in the latter may simply not be as well-developed because the firms are smaller and therefore lack specialized organizational resources (Quayle, 2003; Ramsey, 2001). For example, small business organizations often lack purchasing power or the ability to influence suppliers to engage in strategic partnerships due to relatively small purchasing volumes, and they often lack the necessary internal resources, such as executive time and expertise. In particular, potentially informal management structures and lack of formal strategic processes in small businesses could imply a relatively ad-hoc approach to, for example, supplier relationship development, strategic thinking and planning, and use of technology as applied to purchasing among other disciplines. The uncertainty of how purchasing processes in small businesses develop and the apparent lack of research in this area provide an important opportunity to address the following research questions: (1) Does the process of purchasing development, as it transforms from a transactional, short-term outlook function to one that is more strategic and long-term differ from that of large businesses? (2) Are there identifiable levels or levels of purchasing development in small business and, if so, do they differ from those of large businesses? (3) What are the implications of these issues for small businesses? As will be discussed in this paper, most existing purchasing development and maturity research posit a purchasing development model that contains four levels or levels of purchasing maturity. This model, as developed in the literature, has been based primarily on purchasing in large enterprises. The focus in this study is to examine the development of the purchasing function in small businesses, compare that to the existing literature, and recommend a model for how purchasing develops and matures in small businesses. Therefore, the empirical data on which this research is based is obtained only from small businesses. Using a survey consisting of Likert-scale questions derived primarily from four well-established conceptual models of purchasing maturity in large businesses, a principal component analysis is performed to identify the key elements of purchasing development in small businesses. …

Irving Fisher's debt deflation analysis: From the Purchasing Power of Money (1911) to the Debt-deflation Theory of the Great Depression (1933)

Abstract: In 1933, Irving Fisher proposed an explanation for the Great Depression based on the distinction between the price level and price change effect of deflation in a context of over-indebtedness. This paper compares the debt-deflation theory of Fisher (1933) with the dynamic depression process he had expounded almost 20 years earlier in the Purchasing Power of Money (1911). The role played by both price level and price change effects in the analyses of Fisher (1933, 1911) are clarified in the context of the disequilibrium model of Tobin (1975). More precisely, we show that the stationary equilibrium is assumed to be locally unstable according to Fisher's 1911 insights and globally unstable according to his 1933 analysis.