Topic
Purchasing power
About: Purchasing power is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2714 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36866 citations. The topic is also known as: adjusted for inflation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a structural system that jointly examines purchasing power and interest parity conditions for Malaysia and China during 1996Q1-2010Q4 was constructed, where over-identifying restrictions, bootstrapping and persistent profiles were utilized in the analyses.
Abstract: We construct a structural system that jointly examines Purchasing Power and Interest Parity conditions for Malaysia–China during 1996Q1–2010Q4. Structural VARX, VECMX, over-identifying restrictions, bootstrapping and persistent profiles are utilized in the analyses. We find support for interaction between the goods and capital markets of Malaysia–China, when Asia crisis and sub-prime crisis are taken into accounts. The faster pace of adjustment towards price instead of interest equilibrium implies the non-appearance of sequencing problem in economic integration. Nevertheless, it is of concern that maintaining a rigid foreign exchange with major trading partner could be costly with potentially contagious price instability and financial risk.
6 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In the banking sector in Bulgaria, the main winners are also consumers because they have a greater choice of quality of goods and services and the opportunity to take advantage of the newer technologies in the business as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Competition is an indicator of how many market players are in a given market, what products they offer and what element of the marketing mix they will be. In this quest for supremacy, the main winners are also consumers because they have a greater choice of quality of goods and services and the opportunity to take advantage of the newer technologies in the business. For a branch to function well, there is a need for a competitive force to drive it. Successful business means keeping up with your competitors and even trying to keep ahead of them. In this way, the business is experiencing the phenomenon of a continuous "race" that is profitable for both entrepreneurs and consumers. The banking sector in Bulgaria is a typical example of a sector with a strong competitive environment. There are many banks with a certain range of banking products to meet the needs of different customer circles. Trends in the development of the banking market depend on many factors: market structure, legal framework, differentiation of various banking products, purchasing power of the population, etc. The topicality of the topic is reinforced by the fact that the Bulgarian banking system in the near future and is yet to become part of the European Banking Union. This implies new banking regulations and corresponding new rules in the financial services market.
6 citations
01 Jan 2005
6 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper analyzed the East Asian currency crisis to examine what factors led to the crisis and the differential impact across countries, finding that the crisis countries had aggressive growth policies that were fuelled by reflationary strategies; particularly rapid monetary growth and capital inflows.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the East Asian Currency Crisis to examine what factors led to the crisis and the differential impact across countries. Empirical data of 7 Asian countries over the period 1990 – 1996 is examined. The sample of seven countries is divided into two categories; crisis countries and affected countries. Comparison of several economic indicators is made between these two categories to determine what factors led to the severe consequences in the crisis countries as opposed to affected countries, all of which were subject to contagion.
The crisis countries were found to have had aggressive growth policies that were fuelled by reflationary strategies; particularly rapid monetary growth and capital inflows. With higher relative inflation and repressed interest rates, exchange rate equilibrium as dictated by purchasing power and interest rate parities were out of line given pegged exchange rates. The currencies had become overvalued. The result being current account deficits that were financed by capital inflows, increasingly in the form of short term foreign currency denominated loans.
The combined impact of all of this had been to increase the crisis countries’ vulnerability to a speculative attack and a resulting self-fulfilling crisis.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a strategy to attract the evergrowing age group in the Visegrád Group by applying marketing to the elderly in the shopping centers and e-business.
Abstract: The age structure of the society in the individual countries belonging to the Visegrád Group has changed significantly since 1989. In Hungary, changes in the age structure have had a great impact on the whole economy. The process of aging in society has been going on in Western Europe and will probably continue. Unlike in the Western European countries, in our region the significance of the purchasing power of the elderly has not yet been fully recognized. There is no best practice or strategy to attract the ever-growing age group; applying marketing to seniors is a novelty in the business sector. Shopping centres and e-business face great challenges in the near future, and the change incorporates the risk of failure or renewal. Although the processes apply to all shopping centres, due to the number and the purchasing power of the seniors, malls in Budapest are more affected. Their situation is not the same even in different areas of the capital, as the composition of the buyers in their gravity zone is different. It is up to their own features, and decisionmaking abilities whether they will be able to adjust to the new circumstances, who will “win” and who will “lose”.
6 citations