Topic
Purchasing power
About: Purchasing power is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2714 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36866 citations. The topic is also known as: adjusted for inflation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the joint effect of diversification of manufacturing inputs and the urban population purchasing power has a positive and significant impact on the Colombian economic growth, and that shortages or deficiencies of public infrastructure and public services, as well as the violations of property rights diminish economic growth.
6 citations
TL;DR: Increasing productivity, promoting regional trade and supporting food value chain development are three of the policy options available to decision-makers to drive down food prices sustainably.
Abstract: West African households were particularly affected by the food price crisis of 2007-08. As these households depend on markets for two-thirds of their food supplies, prices have become a key determinant of access to food. However, food prices are 30-40% higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in the rest of the world at comparable levels of per capita income. These price levels have a negative impact on the purchasing power of households and are a major factor of food and nutrition insecurity. Price monitoring systems need to be updated and strengthened. Increasing productivity, promoting regional trade and supporting food value chain development are three of the policy options available to decision-makers to drive down food prices sustainably.
6 citations
TL;DR: The use of exchange rates based on Purchasing Power Parities to compare incomes across countries and over time has now become standard practice as discussed by the authors. But there are reasons to believe that this could lead to excessively inflated incomes for poorer countries and in some cases also inflate the extent of real changes over time.
Abstract: The use of exchange rates based on Purchasing Power Parities to compare incomes across countries and over time has now become standard practice. But there are reasons to believe that this could lead to excessively inflated incomes for poorer countries and in some cases also inflate the extent of real changes over time. Estimates of gross domestic product growth in the Chinese and Indian economies in recent years provide examples of this.JEL Codes: I32, N35, P52
6 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, an optimal economic management model of an autonomous power plant was established using the method of economic planning, and the optimal production and distribution plan of enterprise was discussed by solving the enterprise's profit maximum function.
Abstract: In viewof the current price relationship between autonomous power and state grid power in iron and steel enterprises,an optimal economic management model of autonomous power plant was established using the method of economic planning. The optimal production and distribution plan of enterprise and the optimal power purchasing scheme considering the peakvalley power prices were discussed by solving the enterprise 's profit maximum function. The optimal schemes and results showthat the level of the enterprise's benefit has relationships mainly with the buying-power unit profit contribution after resale,the power supply unit profit and the quantity of power sale to grid. It is encouraged that,more outsourcing and less autonomous power is used as far as possible at the valley price of grid power,and more autonomous and less outsourcing power is used as far as possible and surplus electricity is saled online at the peak price of grid power.
6 citations
TL;DR: For example, Griffith as mentioned in this paper found that if school districts pooled their purchasing power, they could reduce their costs by between 8% and 14% and that this type of collaboration can also include management and instruction.
Abstract: THE headlines are daunting. Plunging home values, skyrocketing fuel costs, declining state revenues, and a multitude of other budget worries add up to nightmares for state budget officials and school business directors. Even the most conservative observers will admit that budget cuts in most districts go beyond trimming fat and are cutting deep into the meat. According to Mike Griffith, senior school finance analyst for the Education Commission of the States, each economic slowdown affects different states in different ways. For example, the impact of the current slowdown is less severe in states that rely on mineral extraction taxes or in states with a large agricultural base. In addition, those states that did not experience the "boom" in the housing market are not being affected as much by the current "bust." But states that rely on businesses other than mineral extraction or agriculture--especially those that rely on manufacturing--are already feeling the pinch of the economic downturn. Governors and state legislatures have used a variety of means to try to stave off the impact on districts of reductions in current and future revenues, but looking for efficiencies appears to be one of the more common approaches. Proactive policies can be implemented prior to bad economic times, and reactive policies can be used in response to a downturn. Purchasing cooperatives. A study conducted on behalf of the Leadership for Education Achievement in Delaware Committee found that, if school districts pooled their purchasing power, they could reduce their costs by between 8% and 14%. In 2006 the Rhode Island legislature passed P.L. 298. This legislation directed the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, working with the Department of Administration, to establish a statewide purchasing system for products and services pertaining to public schools. These include telecommunications, wireless services, general insurance products and services, and school transportation for children with special needs. Shared services. While shared services might include purchasing, this type of collaboration can also include management and instruction. Iowa was one of the first states to offer incentives for districts to share services, and the legislature continues to tweak laws to encourage such collaboration. S.F. 447, passed one year ago, reinstated earlier incentives for reorganization and whole-grade sharing, created operational sharing incentives, and mandated a statewide study of efficiencies and sharing. S.F. 447 provides additional funding for districts that share one or more operational functions for at least 20% of the school year in such areas as management, business, human resources, transportation, or operation and maintenance. The additional funding is available to a district for a maximum of five years during the period covering the budget years 2008-09 through 2012-13. Also passed one year ago, Indiana S.B. 526 was an omnibus bill that included provisions related to shared services. Article 42.5 of this bill authorizes school corporations (districts) to take specific actions to reduce noninstructional expenditures and allocate the resulting savings to student instruction and learning. Authorized actions include creating insurance pools with other school corporations, aggregating purchases of natural gas, and consolidating specified purchases. Such shared services can even include arrangements to provide instructional services and management. Educational service centers are required to report annually on the results of their efforts during the preceding school year to help school corporations pool resources. Last September, the Michigan legislature enacted H.B. 4592. This bill requires each intermediate school district to conduct a study of opportunities for its constituent districts to share services with other districts or other units of local government. Among the services that might be shared are transportation, human resources, purchasing, technology support, professional development, accounting, and event management. …
5 citations