Purchasing power

About: Purchasing power is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2714 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36866 citations. The topic is also known as: adjusted for inflation.

Soviet Household Saving Function

Abstract: In this paper, the Soviet household saving function is estimated using reconstructed data from the unpublished archival material: the Soviet family budget survey data. In addition, a shortage indicator is developed to capture both household purchasing power in comparison with the availability of consumer goods in the official market and the spillover of the household demand for consumer goods from the official retail market to the secondary one. A long-run solution of the Soviet household saving function, which includes a shortage indicator as one of the independent variables, is estimated using these data. The reliability of the long-run solution is confirmed by the short-run dynamics of the Soviet household saving function, which satisfy super-exogeneity, parameter constancy, and several diagnostic tests. The highly significant coefficient of the shortage indicator suggests that Soviet household saving behaviour was affected by shortages of consumer goods during 1965–1989.

Pentingnya profesi wirausaha di indonesia

Abstract: Entrepreneur is a subject that has been widely discussed because it has long been recognized to have played a significant role in not only increasing one’s income but more than that it has been noted to improve people’s quality of life and nation’s prosperity as it has been shown in the experiences of many developed and developing countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Hongkong, Japan, South Korea, the United States of America, and most of European countries. At present governments of those countries are providing a great deals of attention and efforts to increase number of entrepreneurs in these countries including Indonesian Government. As noted in this article that it requires at least 2% of a country’s population are entrepreneurs to reach a prosperity level of a country and to increase purchasing power of the population. Those experiences have led many experts and governments in many countries are very keen to study nature and characteristics of entrepreneurs and looking for right answers to questions as to why is it so important to be an entrepreneur?, why society need entrepreneur?, and what are the elements of becoming successful entrepreneurs?. Answers to these questions will be found in this article. But what interest to some quarters to note is that (1) successful entrepreneur are characterized as to have strong willingness to take risk and to undertake strategic changes as required to make progress, and (2) there are specific skills such as skills to produce products and services, to market, and to calculate cost and profit quickly required by any successful entrepreneurs.

Using Public Procurement to Promote Better Labour Standards in Australia: A Case Study of Responsive Regulatory Design

Abstract: The former Federal Coalition Government’s industrial relations reforms restricted the capacity of state governments to make labour law, inspiring them to consider more innovative ways of regulating labour standards in the private sector including through greater use of public procurement. This article presents a case study of a program in which an Australian state government has sought to use its purchasing power to regulate labour standards in the cleaning industry. The authors assess this program against a model of responsive regulation. They suggest that there is potential to extend this model to other areas of government procurement.