Purchasing power

About: Purchasing power is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2714 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36866 citations. The topic is also known as: adjusted for inflation.

Shopping Center Tenant Selection and Mix

Abstract: In a market economy, retail tenants cluster by type and by location. The result is a hierarchy of centers offering a mix of goods and services appropriate to the market area. This occurs because different goods and services have different trade areas and minimum purchasing power requirements. Central place theory helps describe, explain, and predict changes in the area or purchasing power of a region. A good market analysis will use those factors identified in the theory to select potential tenants.

The Commonwealth Caribbean.

Abstract: The Commonwealth is comprised of Guyana and Belize on the mainland and the islands of Jamaica Trinidad and Tobago Barbados Dominica St. Lucia Grenada St. Vincent Montserrat Antigua and St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla all of which make up the Carribean Community and the Common Market (CARICOM). The 10-island complex within CARICOM is discussed. The islands on the average have a high population density and most of their land area is agricultural. However distribution is skewed such that small farms (less than 5 acres) account for 79% of the total number but comprise only 13% of the total farmland area. 70% of the population is rural 33% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and 14% of the GNP comes from agricultural production. Historically agriculture has been organized as estate or plantation usually on better lands growing a single crop for export; or as small subsistence level. The emphasis given export crops has meant that the agricultural sectors in the territories have not been able to provide for their own needs necessitating the importation of food. Despite diversely sponsored attempts to stimulate and diversify agricultural production the sector has remained relatively stagnant or is declining. Farming is generally looked down on by the young and educated large numbers of whom migrate to urban areas. High population densities the existing tenure system and unavailability of good quality land further aggravate the problem. Steep declines in mortality in recent years coupled with continued high fertility and limitations imposed on external migration have resulted in very high growth rates i.e. between 2-3% in the last 2 decades. The age structure is becoming increasingly weighted toward the young. Family planning has been introduced and has received fairly widespread acceptance. Unemployment resulting from a potential labor force growing faster than job creations reduces personal and national income and eventually the level and quality of government services. Malnutrition is common as many families cannot afford to buy imported food. Tourism has been an important industry but seems to be declining and has been criticized because it is largely foreign-owned and accelerates rural outmigration. Unemployment could be countered by promotion of owner-operated family-sized farm units that make use of selective intermediate technology that will not be labor displacing. Such a program could also diversify the agricultural economy make more intensive use of the land provide a more egalitarian society and improve local demand for domestic commodities due to enhanced purchasing power of farmers. Many imported foodstuffs if locally grown could be semi- or completely processed locally thus providing more jobs.

Working in Venezuela: How the Crisis has Affected the Labor Conditions.

Abstract: Background: Venezuela, the country with the largest oil reserves in the world, is facing the worst economic, social and political crisis in its history; which has notably affected the quality of life of the workforce and the entire population. Objectives: Identify and analyze the main social factors derived from the Venezuelan crisis, which are affecting the workers’ health and working conditions. Methods: Document study. Several sources of information from the last twenty years were consulted, ranging from public statistics and reports, newspaper articles, and results of scientific research. The information gathered was carefully studied to ensure that only reliable sources were used to ultimately reach valid conclusions. Results: Both workers from the formal and informal sector and their families are struggling to fulfill their basic needs. Low salaries and soaring inflation have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the purchasing power of the people. General violence and high prices of basic goods are some of the major problems affecting workers both inside and outside of their working environment. Being a formal employee is no longer a guarantee for an acceptable quality of life. As a result, over 1.6 million Venezuelans have left their country since 2015 in a migration crisis never seen before in Latin America. Conclusion: Quality of life and wellbeing of most of the Venezuelan population has being deteriorated in the last 5 years and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is not a priority for enterprises in the middle of the economic emergency and general deterioration of daily life. Despite the relevance of this problem, research on the subject is very limited. Recent and pertinent data is needed to properly identify and measure the risks and negative consequences that workers and families are exposed caused by the ongoing crisis.

Digital Economy Development as an Important Factor for the Country’s Economic Growth

Abstract: The development of the digital economy can stimulate the country’s economic growth, be an attractive factor for research and investors, and the development of human capital. In the digital’s context economy, requirements for components of human capital and mechanisms for its reproduction are changing. The measurement of the indicator is rather an assessment of the skills needed to take advantage of the opportunities offered by digital technologies. The speed of breakthroughs in digitalization has no historical precedent. The development and formation of the current digital economy undermine traditional ideas about businesses’ structure, how they operate, and how consumers receive services, information, and goods. The digital economy is a multi-faceted, revolutionary and important phenomenon in the modern world, in which globalization is expressed in double-digit rates of annual growth in the world economy. The relevance is that the development of the digital economy in countries is considered a key factor of economic growth in a competitive environment. Results: 1. Analysis of the development in the digital economy revealed problems: the low purchasing power of the population, undeveloped logistics channels. 2. Digitalization in the economy is a necessary investment and developing technologies, where it’s needed to use them fully. In the age of information, and exponential growth of data volume brings challenges and opportunities to traditional measurement methods based on management approaches.

The Role of Small and Intermediate Urban Centres in Regional and Rural Development: Assumptions and Evidence

Abstract: The role of small and intermediate urban centres in the distribution of services and goods is at the heart of growth centre and central place policies and programmes. Two main factors influence the role of small and intermediate urban centres as providers of services and goods to their rural region. First is the nature of rural economic activities and, related to this, the income levels and purchasing power of the rural population. Second is the capacity of local enterprises to develop to meet this demand and the demand from those living in the urban centre. The most effective and rational spatial strategy for promoting rural development is to develop a well-articulated, integrated and balanced urban hierarchy. The virtuous circle of rural—urban development envisions a mutually reinforcing pattern of linkages between an urban centre and its hinterland, which spurs the growth of both agriculture and non-farm activities.