Topic
Pyrolysis
About: Pyrolysis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 833524 citations.
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TL;DR: Catalysts can promote the pyrolysis of C. vulgaris, and activated carbon was the best among the tested catalysts followed by the solid residue, and the optimal content of activated carbon is 5% with the maximum bio-fuel yield of 87.47%.
187 citations
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TL;DR: The direct deoxygenation effect of CaO on bio-oil during biomass pyrolysis in a fluidized-bed reactor was studied in this paper, where the results showed that the oxygen content of the organic components in the bio-oils was 39, 39, 36, 32, and 31 wt % for white pine alone and white pine accompanied with CaO at CaO/biomass mass ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 and 5, respectively.
Abstract: The direct deoxygenation effect of CaO on bio-oil during biomass pyrolysis in a fluidized-bed reactor was studied. Bio-oils were produced from white pine in the presence and absence of CaO at 520 °C and a carrier gas flow rate of 50 L/min (standard temperature and pressure). The results showed that the oxygen content of the organic components in the bio-oils was 39, 39, 39, 36, 32, and 31 wt % for white pine alone and white pine accompanied with CaO at CaO/biomass mass ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. At a CaO mass ratio of 5, the relative reduction of oxygen content in the bio-oil reached 21%. Detailed gas chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis showed that the relative abundances of high oxygen content laevoglucose, formic acid, and acetic acid were highly reduced by CaO, indicating direct fixation of “the active quasi-CO2 intermediates” produced during biomass pyrolysis. Furthermore, the relative abundances of furfural, furfuryl alcohol, etc., mainly derived from dehydration reactions, all i...
187 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the pyrolysis oils from the sewage sludge were characterized in detail by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and changes in the composition of the oils related to the process conditions were assessed by normalizing the areas of the peaks.
Abstract: Sewage sludge was pyrolysed in a quartz reactor at 350, 450, 550 and 950 °C. The pyrolysis oils from the sewage sludge were characterized in detail by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Changes in the composition of the oils related to the process conditions were assessed by normalizing the areas of the peaks. It was demonstrated that, as the temperature of pyrolysis increased from 350 to 950 °C, the concentration of mono-aromatic hydrocarbons in the oils also increased. Conversely, phenol and its alkyl derivatives showed a strong decrease in their concentration as temperature rose. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with two to three rings passed through a maximum at a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C. PAHs with 4–5 rings also presented a major increase as temperature increased up to 450 °C, the concentration at 950 °C being slightly higher than that at 450 °C. Quantification of the main compounds showed that sewage sludge pyrolysis oils contain significant quantities of potentially high-value hydrocarbons such as mono-aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. The oils also contain substantial concentrations of PAHs, even at the lowest temperature of 350 °C. The pathway to PAH formation is believed to be via the Diels–Alder reaction and also via secondary reactions of oxygenated compounds such as phenols.
187 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a novel sulfonated carbon composite solid acid was successfully prepared by the pyrolysis of a polymer matrix impregnated with glucose followed by sulfonation, and the title catalyst has higher acid site density, better esterification activity of both small and large free fatty acids (acetic acid and palmitic acid), and better reusability than the previously reported carbon-based catalyst.
Abstract: A novel sulfonated carbon composite solid acid was successfully prepared by the pyrolysis of a polymer matrix impregnated with glucose followed by sulfonation. The title catalyst has higher acid site density, better esterification activity of both small and large free fatty acids (acetic acid and palmitic acid), and better reusability than the previously reported carbon-based catalyst prepared by sulfonating pyrolyzed sugar. This catalyst also exhibited higher esterification activity than tungstated zirconia (WZ) and Silica-Supported Nafion (Nafion®SAC-13). The higher activity of the sulfonated carbon composite solid acid catalyst was clearly due to the presence of a much higher acid site density than any of the other catalysts.
186 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of flash pyrolysis of solvent swollen coal, pyroolysis of coal solubilized in a conventionally used solvent, liquid phase oxidation of coal with H 2 O 2 at 60°C, and extraction of coal in a flowing non-polar solvent at 350°C.
186 citations